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The Wien River is the largest tributary of the Viennese Danube and was a center of urban production during industrialization. It's highly dynamic flow regime with small average discharge as well as recurrent big, fast floods posed challenges to its use. In this study we focus on the role of this urban watercourse for supplying water to crafts and industries and for wastewater discharge in the 19th century. Animal slaughtering, tanning, dyeing, textile printing, beer brewing, and chemical industry as main water demanding and polluting crafts were investigated. Their location in the catchment was determined and they were systematized by their needs of water and types of pollutants released into the river. Spatial distribution patterns of these industries from the end of the 18th to the end of the 19th century show a complex picture in terms of water supply and waste water discharge. We found very distinct patterns for different sections of the river as well as for different crafts and could observe a change over the time period investigated. Only few types of businesses lied close to the Wien River which can, to some extent, be explained with the high risk of flooding. Groundwater played a more important role for water supply while the main function of the river was wastewater discharge. Spatial distribution of crafts and industries, and changes in locations resulted from an interplay of environmental and social factors. Availability of surface waters, water supply, and discharge infrastructure (wells, pipelines, sewers) seem to have been important for the choice of location for production sites. Regulations concerning the exertion of industries, economic factors and technological innovation also played a role in the development of the observed spatial pattern.

Metabolismo y paisaje acuático en una ciudad en la industrialización: Una evaluación cuantitativa del uso de los recursos y su relación con la transformación del paisaje acuático urbano en Viena del siglo XIXResumen -En este trabajo tomamos la perspectiva del metabolismo urbano para investigar la transformación del paisaje acuático de Viena. Mostramos cómo el metabolismo de la ciudad se entrelaza profundamente con el paisaje acuático y cómo esta relación cambió durante la industrialización. El eje metodológico de esta investigación parte de una evaluación cuantitativa del uso de los recursos urbanos utilizando métodos de contabilidad de fl ujos metabólicos. Se presentan los datos sobre la entrada de energía (1800 a 1914), materiales (1830-1874) y agua (1860 a 1910), así como los fl ujos de las aguas residuales de los hogares (1800 y 1910). Se añade además una discusión crítica sobre las fuentes más importantes de esta investigación. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que en la transformación de una economía agraria a una sociedad industrial se afectó profundamente el paisaje acuático dentro de la ciudad y en sus alrededores. Funciones tradicionalmente desempeñadas por los ríos y arroyos, que van desde el transporte, el suministro de energía, el suministro de agua dulce o la descarga y limpieza de las aguas residuales fueron sustituidas por la oferta de nuevas tecnologías basadas en combustibles fósiles y en la separación de los materiales de los cuerpos de agua. Se detectaron cambios y presiones ecológicas en la calidad del agua, originando complejas intervenciones hidrológicas que alteraron profundamente el paisaje acuático y su papel en el funcionamiento urbano. Algunos legados de estas transformaciones todavía infl uyen hoy en día en el metabolismo de la ciudad.Abstract -In this paper we adopt an urban metabolism perspective to investigate the transformation of Vienna's waterscape. We show how deeply the city's metabolism is intertwined with the urban waterscape and how this relationship changed during industrialization. The central focus of this study is a quantitative assessment of urban resource use using material and energy fl ow accounting methods. We present data on input fl ows of energy (1800 to 1914), material (1830 to 1874) and water (1860 to 1910) and household wastewater (1800 and 1910), as well as a critical discussion of the important sources for this research. Our fi ndings suggest that the transformation from an agrarian economy to an industrial society profoundly affected the waterscape within the city and its surroundings. Functions traditionally fi lled by rivers and creeks ranging from transport, electric power, fresh water supply and wastewater treatment became increasingly provided by new fossil fuel based technologies and separated from the bodies of water. Ecological changes and pressures on water quality generated complex hydrological interventions that deeply altered the urban waterscape and its role in urban operations. Legacies of this transformation still infl uence the functioning and t...

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