ABSTRACT. The working memory (WM) training in older adults can benefit their cognition. However, there is a dearth of literature reviews on the subject. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of WM training on the cognition of healthy older adults, in individual and group interventions reported in the literature. Methods: This is a systematic review involving a qualitative analysis of publications on the SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases carried out between March and June 2021. Results: A total of 47 studies were identified and analyzed, comprising 40 in older adults only and 7 comparing older and younger adults, investigating individual or group WM training or other types of intervention focused on WM effects. Conclusions: Both individual and group intervention contributed to the maintenance and/or improvement of cognition in older adults exploiting brain plasticity to promote mental health and prevent cognitive problems that can negatively impact quality of life of this group.
ABSTRACT. Studies show that aging is accompanied by losses in cognitive functions and that interventions can increase performance and/or support the maintenance of cognitive skills in the elderly. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of long-term studies involving cognitive training (CT) in older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic review of controlled studies was published in scientific journals from 2000 onward, with duration ≥6 months, CT intervention, cognitively normal (CN) or MCI participants aged ≥60 years, and assessments using cognitive and/or neuropsychological tests. Results: A total of 32 studies were reviewed, comprising 10 on study protocols, 14 in CN older adults (no MCI and/or dementia), and 8 in older adults with MCI or at risk for dementia. Conclusions: The studies reported improvements in cognitive performance for some motor abilities, among older participants of CT with or without booster sessions, including multimodal interventions or otherwise.
Objetivo: O trabalho propõe-se estudar a situação epidemiológica de casos novos da tuberculose entre a faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos no Estado do Pará, Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2018. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, retrospectivo, de base de dados secundários, utilizando-se o Banco de dados do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Avaliando as seguintes variáveis: idades, sexo, forma clínica da doença, forma diagnóstica e desfecho dos casos. Resultados: O número absoluto de pacientes triados foi de 4452 pacientes. Verificou-se o coeficiente de incidência acima da média 5,6% durante o período. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino. A forma clínica pulmonar ocorreu em 84,35% dos casos. A maioria dos casos (69,9%) evoluíram para a cura. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados contribuem para o conhecimento da situação epidemiológica da tuberculose, fornecendo subsídios à tomada de decisões relacionadas principalmente às ações de prevenção e controle da doença no Estado do Pará.
ARTIGO DE REVISÃO Prevenção de lesão por pressão no paciente com COVID-19 em posição prona: revisão de escopoPressure injury prevention in the prone position COVID-19 patient: scoping review Prevención de lesiones por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 en decúbito prono: revisión del alcance ResumoObjetivou-se mapear medidas preventivas de LP no paciente com COVID-19 em posição de prona. Trata-se de um estudo desenvolvido por meio de uma revisão de escopo fundamentado nas diretrizes da Joanne Briggs Institute e as recomendações do checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -Extension for Scoping Review. A questão norteadora foi elaborada com base na estratégia do PCC. A busca ocorreu durante o mês de dezembro de 2021 em 5 bases de dados. Foram inclusos 15 artigos. As medidas preventivas de LP ao paciente com COVID-19 em pronação englobam atividades de avaliação de risco, avaliação da pele, reposicionamento e mobilização precoce de superfícies de suporte, classificação de LP, avaliação de LP e monitoramento de cicatrização educação do profissional de saúde, cuidados preventivos da pele, curativos e coberturas e LP relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. Mapear e compreender o desdobramento da LP no prognóstico do paciente COVID-19, permite elaborar estratégias preventivas reais com base nas necessidades do paciente.
Non-player character or non-playable character (NPC) does not always have appropriate and responsive behaviors. When the decision-making process is more artificial than intelligent, it can lead to quality issues in a game and even reduce player interest. Based on this statement, this article presents a Systematic Literature Review on the development of NPC with credible behaviors. The review enabled the mapping and knowledge of the current state of the art extracted from 18 related studies. It was found that certain techniques traditionally used by the gaming industry have become a major obstacle in generating more engaged NPC behavior in the virtual environment.
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