The aim of the present paper is to understand the exponential growth of “Uberization” of labor in Brazil by analyzing the economic crisis and the austerity program putted in practice from 2014. The emergence of Gig Economy and the “Uberization” of labor is a global trend in digital age and Brazil has experienced the exponential growth of these type of labor relations in recent years. Millions of Brazilian workers now have their entire income exclusively from digital platforms without labor rights. However, its only possible to understand this process considering the economic crisis and, as a response of it, the austerity program. The offensive of capital over labor as a response of the profitability crisis penalized the working class and provided the rapid growth of the “Uberization” of labor in Brazil and an alternative for the capital accumulation on the other side.
O intuito do artigo é compreender como ocorreu a inserção da economia brasileira contemporânea diante da transição do paradigma fordista para o microeletrônico. Para isso, serão expostas as características da economia brasileira durante sua fase de industrialização e sob o paradigma metalomecânico-químico (1930-80). Com o processo de reestruturação produtiva global, iniciado nos anos 1980, a economia nacional apresentou queda elevada da participação da indústria no produto. Sua participação nas Cadeias Globais de Valor (CGV) tem como papel predominante o fornecimento de produtos intensivos em recursos naturais e de baixo valor adicionado. Sintetiza-se que a estrutura produtiva interna do Brasil foi condicionada por sua posição no comércio internacional, seja em seu período áureo de industrialização ou nas décadas recentes, a complexidade produtiva se sujeitou à manutenção de exportações de bens não industriais ou de indústria de baixa intensidade tecnológica.
This paper aims to point out the limits of the historical determinism thesis in Marx’s thought by analyzing his writings on the Russian issue and the possibility of a “Russian road” to socialism. The perspective of historical determinism implies that Marx’s thought is supported by a unilinear view of social evolution, i.e. history is understood as a succession of modes of production and their internal relations inexorably leading to a classless society. We argue that in letters and drafts on the Russian issue, Marx opposes to any attempt associate his thought with a deterministic conception of history. It is pointed out that Marx’s contact with the Russian populists in the 1880s provides textual elements allowing to impose limits on the idea of historical determinism and the unilinear perspective in the historical process.
The aim of this paper is to point out the limits of ‘radical change’ thesis in Marx’s thought. According to this view, there would be a ‘unilinear’ and teleological conception of history in his period of youth. However, for some authors, at some point in his theoretical evolution from 1850’s, Marx would break with this position and formulated a multilinear view of history. From a critical revision, it is intended to point the limits of this thesis from the analysis of Marx’s theory of history that was already in consolidation in the 1840’s. More precisely, in the texts The german ideology (1845-46) and Poverty of philosophy (1847), we can see that Marx’s theoretical works of the mid-1840’s is precisely against a philosophy of history, pointing limitations for the idea of ‘radical change’ in the theory of history.
O objetivo do presente artigo é indicar os limites do critério de demarcação para cientificidade proposto por Karl Popper. O problema de demarcação tem sido objeto de preocupação em diferentes épocas da história. Entretanto, o século XX foi acompanhado por intensos debates e pela elaboração de distintos critérios que pudesse demarcar conhecimento científico dos demais. Também é notório que o pensador que mais obteve significância foi Karl Popper e seu critério de falseabilidade. Contudo, o caráter puramente negativo do empreendimento científico, sob sua abordagem unicriterial, compreende uma espécie de positivismo invertido, onde suas limitações apresentam ser um critério de demarcação não necessário e/ou suficiente para a cientificidade.
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