Periodical maintenance NDE-based inspections are today of a general acceptance for almost all complex technological structures. Nevertheless, the idea that the integrated and continuous sensing techniques can optimize the operating conditions is now in progress. Di erent aspects of this evolution towards health monitoring are discussed in relation with the smart materials concept through a non-exhaustive review of some realizations or experiences essentially focused on the ® eld of sensitive materials. Piezoelectric implant technique and in situ electric resistance measurements on carbon epoxy composites are presented with more details. Finally, by extension, it seems useful to introduce the adaptive materials-based new concept of`health saving' .

This paper develops a generic approach to model control loops and their interaction within the Internet of Things (IoT) environments. We take advantage of MAPE-K loops to enable architectural self-adaptation. The system's architectural setting is aligned with the adaptation goals and the components run-time situation and constraints. We introduce an integrated framework for IoT Architectural Self-adaptation (IAS) where functional control elements are in charge of environmental adaptation and autonomic control elements handle the functional system's architectural adaptation. A Queuing Networks (QN) approach was used for modeling the IAS. The IAS-QN can model control levels and their interaction to perform both architectural and environmental adaptations. The IAS-QN was modeled on a smart grid system for the Melle-Longchamp area (France). Our architectural adaptation approach successfully set the propositions to enhance the performance of the electricity transmission system. This industrial use-case is a part of CPS4EU European industrial innovation project. 1

The self-adaptation control of Internet of Things (IoT) systems ought to tackle uncertainties in the dynamic environment (application level), as well as the dynamic computation infrastructure (architecture level).While the control of those two levels is generally separated, they should coordinate to guarantee functionality and quality.This paper proposes a conceptual model for the separation of concerns in controlling the environment and infrastructure events. The approach is applied on a real case: Melle-Longchamp area's smart power transmission network (in France). A hierarchical architecture with a control mechanism formalized with constraint programming (CP) is modeled. The control system assesses the reconfigurations that enhance the quality of service (QoS) while considering the internal and external limitations.The CP considers the desired application level control modes and assesses their feasibility by computing the response time and availability using a Netflow algorithm. The outcomes of this research supported design decisions and provided architectural reconfiguration solutions to the French Power Transmission Company (RTE).