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Aim: This study aims to assess primary care physicians (PCPs) knowledge and skills regarding prostate cancer early detection (PCa-ED). Materials and methods: A survey about knowledge and skills of PCa-ED was delivered to PCP. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for the propensity of PCP to test prostatic specific antigen (PSA) on asymptomatic men. Results: The survey was completed by 170 PCP. Score on risk factors knowledge was 51.5 ± 15.7% a better score was not associated with conducting PCa-ED (p = 0.674). The 40.6% answered having an institutional program on PCa-ED and 86% having access to PSA testing. Testing PSA on asymptomatic men was found in 40%. Moreover, 61.2% do not performed any digital rectal examination for PCa-ED, and this was not associated with preventing factors such as lack of space, time, and assistance (p > 0.05). Fewer years in practice and being a family medicine resident were associated with a less likelihood of testing PSA in asymptomatic men. The only associated factor in the multivariable model was having access to PSA testing (odds ratio: 3.36 confidence interval 95% 1.54-7.30) p = 0.002). Conclusions: A low rate of PCP performs PCa-ED and using concepts outside evidence-based recommendations. A national program on PCa-ED and continuing medical education for PCP are a promising strategy to improve PCa-ED.

Background:The prevalence of urolithiasis is 7-10% and has increased over the past years. Simple nephrectomy is, therefore, indicated when renal exclusion is associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and/or chronic pain. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the surgical experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LPN) due to urolithiasis in Mexican South-east and which factors can predispose conversion to open surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients with renal exclusion secondary to urolithiasis, who underwent laparoscopic simple nephrectomy between 2016 and 2019. Results: Forty simple LPN for renal exclusion due to urolithiasis was performed between 2016 and 2019. Mean age was 47 ± 10.8 and 82.5% were female. The mean BMI was 30.2 ± 5 kg/m2, mean operative time was 165.2 ± 64. Conversion rate was 12.5% (n = 5). Conversion was significantly associated with abnormal hilum vascular anatomy (p = 0.001), hilum adherences (p = 0.001), and hydronephrosis (p = 0.001). Conclusion: LPN is a safe surgical technique for renal exclusion due to urolithiasis. Hydronephrosis, abnormal vascular anatomy, and the adherences that involved de hilum are the factors that could predictive conversion to open surgery.

Objective: To investigate the correlations between abdominal aortic calcifications (AAC) and the underlying urinary metabolic abnormalities in stone-formers (SF). Methods: Patients with a 24 h urinary panel and computed tomography scan were included. The Kauppila Score (KS) was used to quantitatively assess AAC; clinical data and stone information were also recorded. The Spearman correlation was utilized. Results: A total of 54 patients were included, the mean age was 46.4±11.2, 75.9% were female, and 59.3% had AAC. Hypertension and AAC were associated (p=0.026), and the KS was higher in patients with hypertension. Hypocitraturia (98.1%) and hypercalciuria (16.7%) were the most frequent urinary abnormalities, but they were unrelated to AAC (p>0.05). The 24 urinary panel, blood biochemistry, stone burden and hardness, and body mass index were not correlated to the KS (p>0.05). Limitations: This work had the following limitations:  its retrospective nature, a relatively small sample, and the lack of an automated informatics-based assessment of AAC. Conclusion: The link between cardiovascular diseases and kidney stones is still to be elucidated. Our finding differs from the other few studies reported on the literature, as no correlation was found between AAC and the urinary metabolic abnormalities in SF.