Introduction. At the same time, in the last decade, pediatricians have increased interest in the study of the therapeutic effect of bacteriophages in infectious diseases of rhinolaryngological organs.Objective. The analysis of results of the use of inhalation bacteriophage therapy in children with acute tonsillitis, on an outpatient basis.Materials and methods. Examined 212 children from 4 to 15 years old with acute tonsillitis. Conducted general clinical research, pharyngoscopy, bacteriological examination of a smear of tonsils. Bacteriophage therapy carried out using the Pyobacteriophage complex liquid (PCL).Results. In the course of an objective clinical analysis, on the day of seeking outpatient care, patients noted asthenovegetative disorders in all patients (100%), in the form of general weakness (96.8%), loss of appetite (94.8%), and headache (92.5%). During the examination, cervical lymphadenopathy (98.6%), tonsil hyperemia and hyperplasia (98.1%), and exudates (48.1%) noted. It revealed that the main causative agents of acute tonsillitis in children were the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, with different relative proportions (from 24.2% to 59%). Inhalation bacteriophage therapy carried out from the first days of the disease. Against the background of therapy, it was noted - a decrease in swelling in the tonsils by 2-3 days with a decrease in general intoxication signs. On the 6th day from the beginning of bacteriophage therapy, asthenovegetative disorders stopped 2.2 times faster in relation to patients who did not receive bacteriophage therapy, against the background of a decrease in the manifestation of objective clinical signs of the disease.Conclusion. The use of inhalation bacteriophage therapy as part of the conservative treatment of acute tonsillitis in children contributes 1.4 times to the fastest relief of the acute period and an improvement in the subjective assessment of well-being is 25% higher concerning the comparison group.

Background: More recently, the human oral microbiota has attracted attention in epidemiological research on health and disease. Against this background, changes in the oral microbiota in acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract are of interest in modern pediatrics and epidemiology. The composition of the bacterial flora is one of the main premorbid backgrounds that determine the clinical course of acute tonsillitis in children. However, the prevalence of bacterial flora and its impact on the clinical course of patients with acute diseases remains unclear. Aims: The aims are to study the state of the oral cavity microbiota in children with acute tonsillitis. Methods: The microbiota of the oral cavity was studied in 221 children aged 3–14 years with acute tonsillitis. General clinical examinations and pharyngoscopy were performed. Bacteriological examination of the oral microbiota was carried out according to the standard method. Results: Colonization by the following was most frequently observed in patients: Staphylococcus aureus (42.2%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (32.0%), Haemophilus influenzae (24.2%), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (18.8%), Streptococcus anginosus (10.9%), Moraxella catarrhalis (9.4%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis (8.6%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (3.1%), which most often occurred as symbionts. Conclusions: In children with acute tonsillitis, colonization of the tonsils by pathogenic bacterial flora increases, changing the composition of the oral microbiota. The most common causes of oral microbiota imbalance in children with acute tonsillitis were S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and H. influenzae, with varying relative proportions.