Background: Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of antifungal agents have given rise to a significant shift to more resistant nonalbicans Candida species associated with fungal infections. Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of non-albicans Candida spp. isolated from clinical specimens in Tokat, Turkey. Methods: The authors determined the susceptibility of 103 non-albicans Candida isolates to the following antifungal agents: amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, using the Etest method. Interpretation of susceptibility was carried out using species specific breakpoints suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-S4 document. Results:The most frequently isolated non-albicans Candida species were Candida kefyr (44 isolates, 42.8%) followed by C. tropicalis (36 isolates, 35%), C. parapsilosis (17 isolates, 16.5%), C. glabrata (four isolates, 3.8%) and C. famata (two isolates, 1.9%). None of the strains

Amaç: Acinetobacter baumannii pek çok antibiyotiğe karşı direnç gösterdiğinden ve yeni antibiyotiklere karşı hızla direnç geliştirebilmesinden ötürü tedavide zorluk çıkarmaktadır. Hastanede ve özellikle yoğun bakım ünitelerinde tedavisi güçlük gösteren pnömoni, ventilatörle ilişkili pnömoni, üriner infeksiyon, kateter infeksiyonları, kan dolaşım yolu infeksiyonları ve menenjit gibi infeksiyonlara yol açabilir. Bu çalışmada hastanemizde çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 170 adet Acinetobacter baumannii suşunun antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, Ocak 2005-Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen klinik örneklerden izole edilen 170 Acinetobacter baumannii suşu dahil edilmiştir. İzolatların amikasin, ampisilin-sülbaktam, sefepim, sefotaksim, seftazidim, solistin, gentamisin, imipenem, meropenem, tetrasiklin, trimetoprim-sulfametaksazol, tobramisin, piperasilin-tazobaktam, siprofloksasin ve tigesiklin antibiyotiklerinin Phoenix 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA) otomatize identifikasyon cihazı ile mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ve Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile duyarlılıkları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Acinetobacter baumannii suşları en sık (%39) ile solunum yolu örneklerinden, ikinci sırada kan örneklerinden (%23), yara (%21), idrar (%14), kateter (%1) ve beyin omurilik sıvısından (%1) izole edilmiştir. A. baumannii suşlarının % 42'si yoğun bakımlar, %16'sı göğüs hastalıkları servisi, %7 ortopedi servisi, %7 genel cerrahi servisi ve %14 diğer klinik servislerden ve %12 polikliniklerden izole edilmiştir.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of enterococcal strains isolated from both nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections between January 2011 and December 2014, and also to compare the resistance rates between January 2011-December 2012 and January 2013-December 2014 periods. Methods: The identification of the strains and antimicrobial susceptibility rates were determined by BD Phoenix (Becton, Dickinson and Company., Sparks, Maryland, USA) and VITEK ® 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, Fransa) automatized systems. Results: All isolates (n=156) were found to be susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and tigecycline. Penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, gentamicin (high-level) and streptomycin (high-level) resistance rates were 60.9, 8.7, 15.2, 4.3, 73.9, 6.5, 15.2 and 26.1% in nosocomial Enterococcus faecalis isolates (n=46), respectively; and 100, 100, 28.6, 65.7, 42.9, 8.6, 17.1 and 31.4% in nosocomial E. faecium isolates (n=35), respectively. Comparison of data between January 2011-December 2012 and January 2013-December 2014 periods revealed significant increases in resistance rates to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin (high-level) in nosocomial E. faecalis isolates and to ciprofloxacin and streptomycin (high-level) in nosocomial E. faecium isolates. In community-acquired E. faecalis isolates, the resistance rates for penicillin and ciprofloxacin were found to be increased in the second period of the study. Conclusions: High-level aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance rates in enterococci were significantly increased in our hospital. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important for choosing appropriate treatment.