This study aims to determine the effect of applying problem based learning model on students' mathematics learning outcomes viewed from critical thinking skills of fifth grade students of the private primary school in the Surakarta region. This research is an experimental research using sample of 309 students consisting of experimental class of 153 students and control class of 156 students. Method of data analysis using Two-Way Anova. Results of this study indicate (1) There are significant differences in mathematics learning outcomes between students who following Problem Based Learning model with conventional model (2) There is a significant difference in mathematics learning outcomes between students who have high and low critical thinking skills. (3) There is no interaction effect between learning model and critical thinking skills on mathematics learning outcomes.

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The aim of this study is to determine the influences of Problem Based Learning and learning interest at improving the cognitive learning outcomes in social science of fourth-grade elementary school students. This study is a quasi-experiment study with pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample collection is taken with stratified cluster random sampling technique. The sample of this study is 109 fourth-grade elementary school students, consisted of 50 students from experiment group and 59 students from control group. The students from experiment group are given the application of Problem Based Learning, while the students in control group are given the application of Direct Instruction. The data collection is carried by using the instruments of social science learning outcomes test and social science learning interest questionnaire. The validity of test and questionnaire instruments is carried by expert judgement. The difficulty level, distinguishing power, and reliability of test instrument is tested by using ITEMAN application. The internal consistency and reliability of questionnaire instrument is tested by using SPSS application. The data is analysed by using two-way anova. The outcomes of the study show that PBL and learning interest contribute significant impact towards social science learning outcomes of elementary school students.

The fact shows that students with learning disability need media of learning mathematics. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop interactive learning multimedia of power point, and (2) examine the effectiveness of power point in mathematics learning. The sample was a group of students in elementary school in Ngawi, East Java, Indonesia, especially those with learning disability. This study was a research and development comprising three stages: preliminary study, product development, and testing the effectiveness of the product. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and tests, then analyzed by descriptive qualitative, and t-test was to analize the effect of the product. In the development stage, the result showed that Experts validation is high as indicated by the mean score of 4.50 for the learning material, and the mean score of 4.44 for quality of the multimedia. The trial results showed that the quality of multimedia was very good as indicated by the mean score of 4.32. In term of the effectiveness of the product, the result from the t-test shows an increase of 14.27 (21.88%). This means that the interactive learning multimedia of power point improves the achievement of mathematic learning for students with learning disability in mathematics..

This study aimed at searching the different effect of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) and Think Pair Share (TPS) types of cooperative learning models with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach on the students’ learning outcome viewed from students’ learning activity. The observation, interview, questionnaires, and tests were used to obtain the data which were then analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The result of research showed that: (1) STAD with RME approach provides better learning outcome than TPS with RME approach does; (2) the students with high learning activities have mathematics learning outcome better than those with medium and low learning activities; and (3) there is no interaction between the model of teaching and learning activities students to the results of the students’  mathematics learning.