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Elementary school students' rational skill is terminated on concrete situations; therefore, enhancing abstract reasoning becomes a prompt for students to be more critical in solving science problems. The objective of the study was to improve abstract reasoning in science learning using interactive multimedia based on augmented reality (AR) for fifth-grade students. This study used a Classroom Action Research conducted in two cycles consisting of Plan, Act & Observe, and Reflect stage each. Data collection techniques used tests and observations involving 28 students. The credibility of the research data was examined based on technical triangulation and source triangulation while the collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study on process aspect showed that the use of interactive multimedia based on augmented reality gave positive changes to the learning processes on earth and rock structure topic in the fifth grade of elementary school. The students' enthusiasm during the learning processes thus strengthened student-teacher interaction as they enjoyed the learning processes actively, independently, and collaboratively. The interactive multimedia based on augmented reality facilitates the students to reason by exploring more realistic visual objects to eases student understanding of science concept, associating inter-concepts and implementation of information analysis, and problem-solving. The success of the product showed that students' abstract reasoning in science learning enhanced by 24.20% (in the first cycle) and 23.08% (in the second cycle). The results of this study concluded that the use of interactive multimedia based on augmented reality could enhance abstract reasoning skill of the fifth-grade elementary school students.

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This present study imparts a literature review focusing on Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of education. The writers reviewed the published manuscripts by centering on types of manuscripts, research designs, types of participants, and the promising roles of AR in educational setting. A total number of 18 articles were thoroughly analyzed. The results showed a diverse type of manuscripts published in the journal databases including research articles, reviews, technical notes, features, and news. Types of research designs also varied such as Research and Development, Experimental, Content Analysis, Exploratory, Action Research, Descriptive Study, Survey, Mixed Method, and Design-Based Research. Types of participants embraced a diverse range of participants including university students, primary students, secondary students, teachers, and children with special needs. The most prominent role of AR was that it improved students' knowledge and understanding of the materials. Current gaps in AR-related studies in educational setting are recognized, and several recommendations for conducting upcoming studies are proposed.