Nutrition of grapevines is very sensitive issue in vineyards. Soil quality is very important matter for growth and quality in vine growing. Rootstocks affect the growth and productivity of grapevine as well as increase or decrease of the nutrient uptake. The present study was conducted to determine the phenological changes of nutrient uptakes in 10 years 'Trakya İlkeren' grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) in the heavy clay soil conditions. The grapevines are grown on 5BB and 5C rootstocks. The changes of macro and micronutrients in leaf blades from bud burst to post harvest period were investigated in the experiment. Leaf nutrient contents of leaf blades show varied depending on the phenological stages and rootstocks (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaf blade was decreased until veraison stage for both rootstocks. The highest potassium (K) content was obtained at blooming stage. In blooming stage nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) nutrients was found high on 5C rootstock whereas calcium (Ca) was high on 5BB. Grapevines were found insufficient for P, K and Mg nutrients in the study. Total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b ratio showed significantly varied among to rootstocks and phenological stages (P < 0.01). While the highest leaf chlorophyll content was measured during flowering period it was found at the lowest through to harvest on both rootstocks. Overall total chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll a/b ratio were significantly higher on 5BB grafted vines. In the research, 5C was found to be more successful rootstock than 5BB for nutrient uptakes.

No abstract

Article Info Received : 16.05.2016 Accepted : 26.08.2016 In this study, the effects of CaCl2 on fruit yield, quality Ca/Na and K/Na ratios and Na content of tomato leaves under NaCl stress conditions were determined. The doses of 0, 6.8 and 16.8 mM CaCl2 were combined with the doses of 0, 44.4, 70.4 mM NaCl in complete nutrient solution. General, NaCl and CaCl2 decreased fruit yield, NaCl decreased stem amount, whereas it increased at 6.8 mM CaCl2. CaCl2 decreased fruit yield without NaCl, but it increased fruit yield significantly at 44.4 mM dose and caused tolerance to NaCl. The 6.8 mM dose of CaCl2 increased stem amount without NaCl. However, CaCl2 did not cause tolerance at high doses of NaCl in terms of growth. CaCl2 decreased brix of fruit, while NaCl increased it. CaCl2 increased brix without NaCl, but decreased it at 44.4 and 70.4 mM NaCl. CaCl2 and NaCl decreased fruit juice pH significantly. Besides, CaCl2 decreased fruit juice pH at 0 and 44.4 mM of NaCl. The number of fruits which were found to have blossom-end rot (NFBER) did not change without NaCl with the influence of CaCl2. However, CaCl2 applied at high doses of NaCl decreased the NFBER and provided tolerance to NaCl. Increasing dose of NaCl increased significantly the Na content in leaves, but the addition CaCl2 decreased significantly the Na content in leaves. Increasing the dose of CaCl2 applications at 0 and 44.4 mM NaCl levels increased the Ca/Na ratio in tomato leaves. But, the effect of CaCl2 on Ca/Na ratio of leaves was statistically insignificant. The addition of NaCl into the solution nutrient decreased the Ca/Na and K/Na ratios in tomato leaves. The effect of CaCl2 on the K/Na ratio of leaves was not found significant.

Bu çalışmada bitkilerin olumsuz çevresel faktörler karşısında (abiyotik ve biyotik) geliştirdiği mekanizmalarda silisyumun rolü incelenmiştir. Silisyum bitkiler tarafından aktif veya pasif absorbsiyonla Si(OH)4 anyonu şeklinde alınmaktadır. Abiyotik stres şartlarında kök, yaprak veya kavuzda biriken Si silis asidi şeklinde polimerize olmak suretiyle transpirasyonu azaltarak su stresini önlemektedir. Toprak çözeltisinde Si ile Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb vs kompleksleri oluşturarak olası ağır metal toksitesini azaltır. Hücre duvarının kalınlığını artırmak suretiyle gövdenin dayanıklılığını artırır. Ayrıca etileni (C2H4) uyarmak suretiyle yaprakların süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesini (SDA) artırarak hücrede lipidlerin peroksidasyonuna sebep olan reaktif oksijen türlerini (H2O2, 1 O2 ve O3) baskılamaktadır. Biyotik streslerde sitinas, peroksidaz, polipenoksidas aktivasyonunu uyarmakta veya hızlandırmaktadır. Özellikle fitopatolojik hastalıklarda veya entomolojik zararlanma durumlarında Si dikotiledon ve monokotiledon bitkilerde flavonoidler ve anti fungal özelliklere sahip olan düşük molekül ağırlıklı bileşikler oluşturarak bu zararları azaltabilmektedir.

No abstract