Objective: To analyze the incidence of benign lesions in Chinese patients undergoing nephrectomies for renal masses identified as localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in preoperative imaging. Methods: Between 1999 and 2007, 303 patients (112 female, 191 male) with presumed localized RCC underwent nephrectomy (234 radical nephrectomies and 69 partial nephrectomies). Preoperative computed tomography images and pathological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Pathological examinations revealed 31 (10.2%) benign lesions in the 303 patients. Among these 31 benign lesions, 15 (5.0%) were angiomyolipomas (AML) and only four (1.3%) were oncocytomas. Significantly, 20 (17.9%) of the 112 female patients had benign lesions compared with 11 (5.8%; P = 0.001) male patients. Benign renal lesions were found in five (25.0%) of the 20 patients with renal masses smaller than 2 cm, 13 (13.0%) of the 100 patients with renal masses 2-4 cm in size and 13 (7.1%) of the 183 patients with renal masses larger than 4 cm. Conclusions: Patients in the present study population show a low incidence of benign renal lesions, approximately half of them being AML. Female patients and patients with renal masses smaller than 4 cm are more likely to have benign renal lesions.

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to assess the treatment outcomes in a cohort of adult patients with intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Between 1999 and 2008, 296 patients underwent radical orchiectomy for intrascrotal mass. A retrospective chart review was carried out for adult patients diagnosed with intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. Overall, six patients (mean age 21 years, range 17-23) were included: five had embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma and one had pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Four patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and five patients had postoperative chemotherapy. The mean length of follow up was 28 months (range 12-51 months). One patient was lost to follow up after 26 months, five cases remained alive at the end of the study. Surgical resection with chemotherapy was an effective way to achieve favorable outcomes and long-term survival in adult patients with metastases from intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of all adult malignancies and is the most lethal genitourinary tumors. More than 40% of RCC patients die of the disease, whereas the mortality rates for other urologic cancers, such as prostate cancer and bladder cancer, are approximately 20% [1,2] . Although there are many types of emerging treatment, including radiofrequency ablation, interventional therapy, immunological therapy, and targeted therapy, surgery is still the most effective treatment for this disease. Fortunately, the efficacy of surgery for RCC has increased in recent years due to the standardization of the operation. However, there are few largescale reports focusing on the oncological outcome of RCC in China; hence, we still lack longterm prognostic information. Herein, we report on a group of 336 surgically treated RCC patients in order to determine the survival details of this cohort of Chinese patients.This study included 226 men and 110 women. The median age of patients at surgery was 51 years (range,

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