Five new anthraquinone derivatives, auxarthrols D–H (1–5), along with two known analogues (6–7), were obtained from the culture of the marine-derived fungus Sporendonema casei. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were established on the basis of NMR, HRESIMS, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques. Among them, compound 4 represents the second isolated anthraquinone derivative with a chlorine atom, which, with compound 6, are the first reported anthraquinone derivatives with anticoagulant activity. Compounds 1 and 3 showed cytotoxic activities with IC50 values from 4.5 μM to 22.9 μM, while compounds 1, 3–4, and 6–7 showed promising antibacterial activities with MIC values from 12.5 μM to 200 μM. In addition, compound 7 was discovered to display potential antitubercular activity for the first time.

Five new cytochalasins, Z16–Z20 (1–5), and three known ones, 6–8, were isolated from Aspergillus flavipes, an endophytic fungus associated with Acanthus ilicifolius. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis. Cytochalasin Z17 (2) and rosellichalasin (8) showed cytotoxic activities against A‐549 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.6 and 7.9 μM, respectively.

Three new azaphilone alkaloids containing glutamine residues, namely N-glutarylchaetoviridins A–C (1–3), together with two related compounds (4 and 5) were isolated from the extract of Chaetomium globosum HDN151398, a fungus isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected in South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESIMS spectroscopic data and chemical analysis. N-glutarylchaetoviridins A–C (1–3) represent the first class of chaetoviridins characterized by embedded glutamate residues. Amino acids incubation experiments produced five azaphilone laden different amino acids residues (6–10) which indicated that this method can enhanced the structural diversity of this strain by culturing with amino acids. Cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds were evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines.