Supply chain disruption caused by environmental uncertainty makes it more difficult for firms to obtain sustainable competitive advantages (SCA). Based on the perspective of dynamic capability, this study explored the effect of three dimensions of supply chain resilience (SCR) (proactive capabilities, reactive capabilities and supply chain design quality) on SCA. In addition, we further adopted operational vulnerability (OV) as a mediated variable to construct a conceptual framework and propose research hypotheses. The theoretical hypotheses were empirically developed based on a survey of 305 firms in China’s manufacturing industry and subsequently tested. Our findings indicate that taking proactive action, properly configuring supply chain systems, and developing rapid reaction capabilities to recover from disruptions provide companies an opportunity to improve and to obtain SCA. Finally, the paper offers managers a management framework and dynamic strategy with which to develop SCR and alleviate the negative impact of OV, thus contributing to a firm’s SCA.

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This paper integrates a theoretical framework based on dynamic capabilities and relational perspective to provide a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of supply chain resilience. First, it discusses the antecedents of supply chain resilience and the internal relationships among antecedents combining dynamic capabilities and relational perspective. Second, it discusses the mechanism of supply chain resilience on sustainable operational performance (sustainable market performance and sustainable quality performance). Finally, based on organizational information processing theory, it proposes and explores the moderating effects of supply side disruption, facility disruption and catastrophic disruption on the relationship between supply chain resilience and sustainable operational performance. The conclusions enrich and develop the antecedents and outcomes of supply chain resilience, reveal the influencing factors of supply chain resilience from dynamic capabilities and relational perspective, and reveal the value of supply chain resilience to operational performance from the perspective of sustainability, providing a breakthrough for disruption mitigation strategies and enhance the confidence of managers in designing supply chain resilience; supply chain disruption types are included in the outcomes framework of supply chain resilience, which further provides theoretical guidance for enterprises to quickly recover normal operation from supply chain disruption shocks.

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