Exploring novel multifunctional rare earth materials is very important because these materials have fundamental interests, such as new structural facts and connecting modes, as well as potential technological applications, including optics, magnetic properties, sorption, and catalytic behaviors. Especially, employing these nanomaterials for sensing or catalytic reactions is still very challenging. Herein, a new superstable, anionic terbium-metal-organic-framework, [H N(CH ) ][Tb(cppa) (H O) ], (China Three Gorges University (CTGU-1), H cppa = 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)picolinic acid), is successfully prepared, which can be used as a turn-on, highly-sensitive fluorescent sensor to detect Eu and Dy , with a detection limitation of 5 × 10 and 1 × 10 m in dimethylformamide, respectively. This result represents the first example of lanthanide-metal-organic-frameworks (Ln-MOF) that can be employed as a discriminative fluorescent probe to recognize Eu and Dy . In addition, through ion exchanging at room temperature, Ag(I) can be readily reduced in situ and embedded in the anionic framework, which leads to the formation of nanometal-particle@Ln-MOF composite with uniform size and distribution. The as-prepared Ag@CTGU-1 shows remarkable catalytic performance to reduce 4-nitrophenol, with a reduction rate constant κ as large as 2.57 × 10 s ; almost the highest value among all reported noble-metal-nanoparticle@MOF composites.

New porous anionic Ln-MOFs, namely, [MeNH][Ln(CPA)(HO)] (Ln = Eu, Gd), have been prepared through the self-assembly of 5-(4-carboxy phenyl)picolinic acid (HCPA) and lanthanide ions. They feature open anionic frameworks with 1-D hydrophilic channels and exchangeable dimethylamine ions. The Eu phase could detect Fe ions with high selectivity and sensitivity in either aqueous solution or biological condition. The ratios of lanthanide ions on this structure platform could be rationally tuned to not only achieve dichromatic emission colors with linear correlation but also attain three primary colors (RGB) and even white light with favorable correlated color temperature. Furthermore, the Ag(I)-exchanged phases can be readily reduced to afford Ag nanoparticles. The as-prepared Ag@Ln-MOFs composite shows highly efficient catalytic performance for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

Time Petri nets (TPNs) are a popular Petri net model for specification and verification of real-time systems. A fundamental and most widely applied method for analyzing Petri nets is reachability analysis. The existing technique for reachability analysis of TPNs, however, is not suitable for timing property verification because one cannot derive end-to-end delay in task execution, an important issue for time-critical systems, from the reachability tree constructed using the technique. In this paper, we present a new reachability based analysis technique for TPNs for timing property analysis and verification that effectively addresses the problem. Our technique is based on a concept called clock-stamped state class (CS-class). With the reachability tree generated based on CS-classes, we can directly compute the end-to-end time delay in task execution. Moreover, a CS-class can be uniquely mapped to a traditional state class based on which the conventional reachability tree is constructed. Therefore, our CS-class-based analysis technique is more general than the existing technique. We show how to apply this technique to timing property verification of the TPN model of a command and control (C2) system.

The optimization of a CFETR baseline scenario (Chan et al 2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 023017) with an electron cyclotron (EC) wave and neutral beam (NB) is performed using a multi-dimensional code suite. TGLF and NEO are used to calculate turbulent and neoclassical transport. The evaluation of sources and sinks, as well as the current evolution, are performed using ONETWO, and the equilibrium is updated using EFIT. The pedestal is consistent with the EPED model.Rotation shear is controlled using NB. It has been found that both fusion gain Q and NB power deposited in the edge increase with decreasing NB energy, with NB providing current drive, torque, energy and particle source simultaneously. By using an optimized combination of two NBs, Q can be kept at a high level while the NB edge power is reduced. Pedestal collisionality is controlled to find an optimization path for Q by trading off between the pedestal density and temperature with the pedestal pressure fixed. It has been found that Q increases with pedestal collisionality, while the density peaking factor (DPF) remains almost unchanged. The invariance of DPF can be explained by the change of the dominant type of turbulence from the core to the edge (i.e. trapped electron mode in the core and ion temperature gradient mode at the edge), and collisionality has the opposite effect on particle transport for these two modes. A weaker dependence of DPF on collisionality makes a higher density operation more favorable for fusion gain.

Impurity effects on fusion performance of China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) due to extrinsic seeding are investigated. An integrated 1.5D modeling workflow evolves plasma equilibrium and all transport channels to steady state. The one modeling framework for integrated tasks framework is used to couple the transport solver, MHD equilibrium solver, and source and sink calculations. A selfconsistent impurity profile constructed using a steadystate background plasma, which satisfies quasineutrality and true steady state, is presented for the first time. Studies are performed based on an optimized fully noninductive scenario with varying concentrations of Argon (Ar) seeding. It is found that fusion performance improves before dropping off with increasing Z eff , while the confinement remains at high level. Further analysis of transport for these plasmas shows that lowk ion temperature gradient modes dominate the turbulence. The decrease in linear growth rate and resultant fluxes of all channels with increasing Z eff can be traced to impurity profile change by transport. The improvement in confinement levels off at higher Z eff . Over the regime of study there is a competition between the suppressed transport and increasing radiation that leads to a peak in the fusion performance at Z eff (~2.78 for CFETR). Extrinsic impurity seeding to control divertor heat load will need to be optimized around this value for best fusion performance.