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Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) could eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain the reduction-oxidation balance in cells. This study aimed to investigate their functions in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) response to the Vibro anguillarum challenge. SmMnSOD, the full-length liver cDNA of MnSOD from S. maximus, was cloned by fast amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequencing of nucleotides indicated that the SmMnSOD cDNA was 1267 base pairs with a 684-base-pair open reading frame, encoding a 228 amino acid protein with 28 amino acid residues. The SmMnSOD sequence contains MnSOD signatures (DVWEHAYY) and probable N-glycosylation sites (NVT, NHT, and NLS). The deduced sequence of SmMnSOD revealed sequence homology between 85.3% and 92.9% with those of other species. A phylogenetic study found that SmMnSOD clustered with other fish MnSOD, indicating that SmMnSOD was a member of the MnSOD family. The SmMnSOD transcript was discovered by qRT-PCR in the gill, stomach, head-kidney, muscle, liver, intestine, and heart of S. maximus, with the highest expression in the liver. Upon intervention by V. anguillarum, the liver and head kidney transcript levels of SmMnSOD were up-regulated at 12 and 48 h, whereas the temporal expression profiles of the CAT transcript increased at 6 and 24 h. As the pathogenic bacterial stress processing was prolonged to 72 h, the liver and head kidney transcript levels of SmMnSOD and CAT decreased gradually. Thus, SmMnSOD was triggered and may be related to S. maximus’ immunological responses against V. anguillarum.