We report rheological, X-ray, and dielectric investigations on a chromonic liquid-crystalline system formed by aqueous solutions of a food coloring agent, Sunset Yellow, in the absence and upon addition of salt. The salt-concentration dependence of the steady-state viscosity at low shear rates has a non-monotonic variation and is qualitatively similar to the behavior seen in wormlike micellar systems, a surprising result since chromonic systems are expected to be non-micellar in character. More interestingly, for a particular low concentration of the salt (20 mM), the viscosity increases by 3 orders of magnitude in comparison with that of the pure chromonic material. The dynamic (oscillatory) rheological data bring out features which can be described in terms of a microstructure formation. X-ray and dielectric studies show that certain characters of the aggregates formed by the Sunset Yellow molecules are not altered by the addition of salt.
Catalyst free carbon nanospheres were synthesized using simple one step pyrolysis techniques where biowaste sago bark is used as a carbon precursor. Obtained carbon nanospheres showed porous nature and revealed that more than 95% carbon is present in the synthesized carbon nanospheres with particle size ranging from 40-70 nm. Electrochemical study showed specific capacitance value of 180 Fg -1 at 2 mVs -1 and the cycling stability up to 1700 cycles. Obtained carbon nanospheres are useful in super capacitor applications. Presented study revealed waste to wealth approach thereby reducing waste in the environment.
Porous Carbon Nanoparticles (PCNs) with well-developed microporosity were obtained from bio-waste oil palm leaves (OPL) using single step pyrolysis in nitrogen atmosphere at 500-600 8C in tubefurnace without any catalysis support. The key approach was using silica (SiO 2 ) bodies of OPL as a template in the synthesis of microporous carbon nanoparticles with very small particle sizes of 35-85 nm and pore sizes between 1.9-2 nm.In modern-day scientific applications, porous nanocarbons are ubiquitous and indispensable.
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