Spinal angiolipomas are rare benign tumors composed of mature adipocytes mixed with abnormal vessels. They represent 0.0004 to 1.2% of angiolipomas, usually located at the extradural and posterior thoracic level, with multimetameric extension. Spinal angiolipoma is an uncommon form of benign tumor. There are 2 types: non-infiltrating and infiltrating. Its clinical course is slow and progressive, and it can be accelerated by vascular phenomena, intratumoral abscess and pregnancy. Intratumoral bleeding must be considered a cause of acute spinal compression syndrome. Spinal epidural angiolipoma is a rare, slow-growing and progressive benign tumor. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis. The gold standard treatment must always be surgery, although total resection may not be possible in some cases.

The need to find the lowest possible effective dose of clonidine to avoid its known side effects such as hypotension, bradycardia and sedation motivated us to design the present study. We compared different doses of clonidine as an adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section in order to find the lowest possible effective dose. Spinal anesthesia is a safe, reliable and inexpensive technique, with the advantage of providing surgical anesthesia and prolonged postoperative pain relief, in addition to attenuating autonomic, somatic and endocrine responses to surgical stimulation.

Postoperative delirium, an acute condition characterized by reduced awareness of the environment and disturbance in attention, usually occurs between 24 and 72 hours after surgery and can affect up to 60% of elderly surgical patients. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a new onset of cognitive impairment that may persist for weeks or months after surgery. The primary objective of this study was to review the literature on the clinical impact of the choice of general anesthesia on the incidence of POCD, whether inhaled or total intravenous anesthesia in the first 30 days, excluding assessments on the same day of surgery. In conclusion, total intravenous anesthesia may be associated with a lower incidence of POCD, compared to inhalational anesthesia, at least in the first 30 postoperative days. However, future studies investigating POCD must focus on assessments of attention because the validity of testing all other cognitive subdomains (for example: memory, executive functions) depends on their integrity. This could also reduce heterogeneity in POCD research.