Resumo -A araucária (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze.), conhecida como pinheiro-do-paraná, é uma espécie florestal nativa do Brasil, adaptada às regiões serranas frias e úmidas do sul e do sudeste do país e torna-se vulnerável diante das mudanças climáticas globais. Apresenta grande valor econômico, social e ambiental, pois é uma das espécies nativas com maior incremento e potencial de ganho genético, apresenta excelente qualidade de madeira e ainda produz sementes que podem ser usadas na alimentação humana e animal. Com o objetivo de conhecer a distribuição natural atual e o habitat das populações, percorremos parte das bordas da região de ocorrência da araucária, marcando a posição geográfica e altitude. Com as informações de campo, juntamente com dados secundários do Centro de Informações Ambientais (CRIA), mapeamos a distribuição da araucária no presente e simulamos para as próximas décadas, considerando a projeção de cenários climáticos futuros. Estes estudos são essenciais para a melhor compreensão dos riscos de extinção e das medidas mitigadoras que poderiam ser adotadas para reduzir os impactos das mudanças climáticas globais sobre a espécie, contribuindo, dessa maneira, para a sua conservação. Distribution and habitat of brazilian-pine according to global climate changeAbstract -Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze., also known as brazilian-pine, is a forest native species from Brazil. A. angustifolia is more vulnerable to global climate change, considering it is living in cold and humid mountain regions from southern and southeastern Brazil. Among the native Brazilian forest species, it presents one of the greatest growth and genetic gain potential. It shows excellent wood quality and can still be used in human and animal food, presenting great economic, social and environmental value. In order to determine current distribution of the species and better know its habitat, we worked in the regions representing the borders of natural occurrence, identifying populations and getting trees altitude and geographycal position. Field information along with secondary data from the Environmental Information Center (CRIA) were used to map current distribution of brazilian-pine and to project the distribution in the next decades, with the projection of future climate scenarios. Mapping studies of ecological niches in present and future climate scenarios characterizing the environments in which they are living is essential for a better understanding of the risks of species extinction and which mitigating measures could be adequate to reduce the impacts of global climate change on species, thus contributing to the conservation and knowledge of this important species.
RESUMO-Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. é uma espécie arbórea nucleadora e alvo de intensa frugivoria, contribuindo para deposição de sementes de outras espécies. Devido suas sementes permanecerem no banco de sementes do solo, favorece a regeneração florestal após distúrbios naturais ou antrópicos. Com o objetivo de testar diferentes métodos para superação da dormência das sementes, foram analisados os seguintes tratamentos: Controle (TC), Escarificação Química (TQ), Escarificação Mecânica (TM) e Escarificação Térmica (TT). Foram avaliados os parâmetros: Percentual de Germinação (PG %), Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) e Tempo Médio de Germinação (TMG/dias). Para todos os parâmetros, o TM foi o mais eficaz para promoção da germinação, pois elevou a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação, observando-se maior número de sementes germinadas em menor espaço de tempo. O TQ adotado foi deletério, e por isso não é recomendado. Não houve diferença significativa entre TC e TT. Palavras chave: escarificação, restauração ecológica, sementes florestais ABSTRACT-Seed germination of Myrsine coriacea (Primulaceae) submitted to different dormancy breaking treatments. Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. is a tree species with nucleation characteristics and a target to frugivorous animals, which contributes to the seed deposition to other plants. M. coriacea seeds remain in the soil for long periods, regenerating the forest after natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Four different methods were analysed with the aim to verify different types of breaking seed dormancy: Control (TC); Chemical Scarification (TQ); Mechanical Scarification (TM); Thermal Scarification (TT). The following parameters were evaluated, percentage of germination (PG) (%), germination speed index (IVG), and mean time of germination (TMG) (days). For all the parameters, we found that TM was more efficient at promoting germination, because it increased the percentage and speed of germination, which was observed with more seeds germinating in a short period of time. Meanwhile no difference was noticed between TC and TT, and the TQ was deleterious and is not recommended to break seed dormancy.
The objective of this work is to identify environmental and ecosystem services provided by trees from the perception of family farmers in the Serra dos Tapes, southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, addressing the relevance of species for ecosystem sustainability of family farming. Environmental and ecosystem services offered by the tree flora of semi-deciduous submontane forest are presented according to the perception of farmers who use accumulated knowledge for social, cultural and economic reproduction in family farming. Four farmers were selected for their remarkable knowledge related to the agro-ecosystem and the local floristic composition, and they answered semi-structured interviews about 115 native tree species relating them to environmental and ecosystem services. The knowledge of farmers regarding the importance of forest cover for beekeeping, agroforestry system installation, source of biological materials for environmental recovery, conservation of hydric resources and for feeding mammals and birds was evidenced.
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