Nursing staff can assess residents on the competencies of interpersonal and communication skills and professionalism. These evaluations provide different perceptions of residents' behavior, which can be useful for formative feedback in residents' development.

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The science of linguistics contributes to the study of cultural diversity and the education of exceptional children. Language is a system of vocal sounds; it is systematic and symbolic; it is in a state of constant change. The ability to learn language (but not the specifics of any particular language) is innate in humans, and all languages and their variations are equally good. The role of linguistics in the educational assessment of culturally different children is emphasized. The linguistic and cultural bias of IQ tests, as well as the role of adaptive behavior and community acceptance in minority groups are discussed. Note is made of the difficulty of identifying gifted children who are culturally different.

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