Articular distal radius fractures (DRFs) have increased in incidence in recent years, especially among the economically active population. Most of the treatment approaches are based on plain X- rays, and do not give us any information on how to treat these fractures. In the search for solutions with greater precision in diagnosis, in reducing the joint surface of the fracture, and envolving minimally-invasive techniques, we found arthroscopy as the main tool for these patients. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of the biomechanics of the different types of fracture associated with ligamentous lesions should facilitate the right decision regarding the treatment. The present paper aims at providing a management-oriented concept to diagnose and treat ligamentous lesions associated with intra-articular DRFs based on a arthroscopy-assisted procedure, and showing the objective and patient-reported outcomes and a new classification. The objective and patient-reported outcomes were: the mean range of motion (ROM) was of 94.80% on the non-affected side; the mean score on the abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) was of 3.6 (range: 1 to 12). The score on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was of 1.66 (range: 1 to 3). Complications were observed in 2 (13.33%) patients: extensor tendon synovitis in 1 patient, and a limitation (stiffness) in ROM in 1 patient, both treated with wrist arthroscopy release. The mean time until the return to work was of 6.4 weeks. In patients with unstable intra-articular DRFs associated with ligamentous lesions, the fixation of specific osseous-ligamentous fragments and ligamentous repair/reconstruction by wrist arthroscopy prove to be a safe and reliable treatment. The clinical and functional results predict that the patients can return to work more quickly.
<p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Describir y analizar una técnica de osteosíntesis palmar de radio distal con preservación del pronador cuadrado.</p><p><strong>Materiales y Métodos: </strong>Se revisaron, en forma retrospectiva, 24 pacientes operados con esta técnica (16 mujeres y 8 hombres; edad promedio 65 años). Doce fracturas eran de tipo A; 7, de tipo B y 5, de tipo C. La técnica quirúrgica consiste en practicar una incisión cutánea de 25 mm y profundizar hasta observar el pronador cuadrado. Sin seccionarlo, se realiza una disección de su borde distal, a fin de introducir la placa bloqueada volar por debajo del músculo. Se colocan los tornillos distales bajo visión directa y los tornillos proximales, en forma percutánea. La evaluación posoperatoria se llevó a cabo mediante análisis clínico-funcional y radiográfico.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Resultados: </strong>En el último control, todos los pacientes presentaban signos clínicos y radiográficos de consolidación ósea. El puntaje en la escala DASH fue, en promedio, de 4,8. Se observó una inclinación palmar posoperatoria de la superficie articular del radio de 14,3º promedio y una inclinación radial de 26,3º promedio. No se detectaron complicaciones relacionadas con la fractura, el implante o la herida quirúrgica en ninguno de los controles posoperatorios.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones: </strong>Sin bien no existe bibliografía que demuestre que la técnica mininvasiva sea superior, sostenemos que el hecho de obtener resultados similares con ambos abordajes (mininvasivo y convencional) justifica llevar a cabo esta técnica con preservación del pronador cuadrado, sobre todo en los pacientes preocupados por el aspecto cosmético de la cicatriz.</p>
Objective The objective of the study is to analyze the clinical and radiological results obtained using a minimally invasive fixation technique with a volar locking plate and a suspension system with a dorsal button in distal articular radius fractures with dorsal comminution. Materials and Methods Six patients with distal radius fractures, between 19 and 68 years of age, were included in the study. Mean follow-up was of 15 weeks. Range of motion (ROM) in flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, pronation, supination, the strength in kilograms, and values on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) scales were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperative. Correction of anteroposterior diameter of the radius and concordance between postoperative anteroposterior diameter and the contralateral wrist diameter were evaluated radiologically. Results The following mean values were obtained at 12 weeks postoperative: ROM in flexion: 40.5°, ROM in extension: 49.5°, ROM in radial deviation: 24.5°, ROM in ulnar deviation: 15°, ROM in pronation: 87°, ROM in supination: 89°, strength: 37.5 kg, pain in VAS scale: 2 points, DASH: 54.5 points, and MWS: 67.5 points. At 12 weeks postoperative, the mean correction of anteroposterior diameter was 0.49 mm. The anteroposterior diameter and that of the contralateral wrist were strongly correlated. Conclusion Fixation with the volar locking plate and dorsal suspension button could be considered an alternative to dorsal plate fixation for treatment of distal radius fractures with comminution or associated dorsal die punch fragments.
<p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Comparar biomecánicamente en modelos cadavéricos tornillos bloqueados versus pernos bloqueados en fracturas extraarticulares de radio distal estabilizadas con placas bloqueadas volares.</p><p><strong>Materiales y Métodos: </strong>Se reprodujeron fracturas extraarticulares conminutas (AO-A3) en 12 radios de 6 cadáveres. Se dividieron dos grupos según el empleo de tornillos bloqueados o pernos en la fijación distal. Se realizaron ensayos biomecánicos evaluando cambios en la rigidez del montaje después de realizar una carga axial. Finalmente, se llevó el sistema al fallo. Se efectuaron controles radiológicos en todas las etapas.</p><p><strong>Resultados: </strong>Al llevarlos al fallo, el sistema con tornillos presentó una mayor disminución en la altura y ángulo de la osteotomía, con respecto al sistema fijado con pernos, variando en mayor grado hacia dorsal la carilla articular en el perfil. Se observó una separación de la placa en relación al hueso en las placas montadas con pernos. La carga máxima tolerada con tornillos bloqueados fue de 1659N y, en los pernos, de 1905N.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> Encontramos una transmisión de cargas en dos tiempos en los modelos fijados con pernos. Una primera instancia en el cual la fuerza pasa de la epífisis a la diáfisis a través del material de osteosíntesis (hueso-placa-hueso), puenteando la fractura. En un segundo tiempo, la placa se separa del sistema debido al deslizamiento de los pernos, posibilitando una transmisión directamente del fragmento distal al proximal (hueso-hueso) que produce en todos los casos la fractura incompleta y longitudinal de la cortical volar.</p>
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