ABSTRACT. The emerging discipline of sustainability science is focused explicitly on the dynamic interactions between nature and society and is committed to research that spans multiple scales and can support transitions toward greater sustainability. Because a growing body of place-based social-ecological sustainability research (PBSESR) has emerged in recent decades, there is a growing need to understand better how to maximize the effectiveness of this work. The Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) provides a unique opportunity for synthesizing insights gained from this research community on key features that may contribute to the relative success of PBSESR. We surveyed the leaders of PECS-affiliated projects using a combination of open, closed, and semistructured questions to identify which features of a research project are perceived to contribute to successful research design and implementation. We assessed six types of research features: problem orientation, research team, and contextual, conceptual, methodological, and evaluative features. We examined the desirable and undesirable aspects of each feature, the enabling factors and obstacles associated with project implementation, and asked respondents to assess the performance of their own projects in relation to these features. Responses were obtained from 25 projects working in 42 social-ecological study cases within 25 countries. Factors that contribute to the overall success of PBSESR included: explicitly addressing integrated social-ecological systems; a focus on solutionand transformation-oriented research; adaptation of studies to their local context; trusted, long-term, and frequent engagement with stakeholders and partners; and an early definition of the purpose and scope of research. Factors that hindered the success of PBSESR included: the complexities inherent to social-ecological systems, the imposition of particular epistemologies and methods on the wider research group, the need for long periods of time to initiate and conduct this kind of research, and power asymmetries both within the research team and among stakeholders. In the self-assessment exercise, performance relating to team and context-related features was ranked higher than performance relating to methodological, evaluation, and problem orientation features. We discuss how these insights are relevant for balancing place-based and global perspectives in sustainability science, fostering more rapid progress toward inter-and transdisciplinary integration, redefining and measuring the success of PBSESR, and facing the challenges of academic and research funding institutions. These results highlight the valuable opportunity that the PECS community provides in helping build a community of practice for PBSESR.

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Biological diversity can be defined as variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial organisms, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes which they are part of. This includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Numerous diversity indices combine richness and evenness in a single expression, and several climate-based explanations have been proposed to explain broad-scale diversity patterns. However, climate-based water-energy dynamics appears to be an essential factor that determines patterns of diversity. The Mexican Sierra Madre Occidental occupies an area of about 29 million hectares and is located between the Neotropical and Holarctic ecozones. It shelters a high diversity of flora, including 24 different species of Pinus (ca. 22% on the whole), 54 species of Quercus (ca. 9–14%), 7 species of Arbutus (ca. 50%) and many other trees species. The objectives of this study were to model how tree species diversity is related to climatic and geographic factors and stand density and to test the Metabolic Theory, Productivity-Diversity Hypothesis, Physiological Tolerance Hypothesis, Mid-Domain Effect, and the Water-Energy Dynamic Theory on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango. The results supported the Productivity-Diversity Hypothesis, Physiological Tolerance Hypothesis and Water-Energy Dynamic Theory, but not the Mid-Domain Effect or Metabolic Theory. The annual aridity index was the variable most closely related to the diversity indices analyzed. Contemporary climate was found to have moderate to strong effects on the minimum, median and maximum tree species diversity. Because water-energy dynamics provided a satisfactory explanation for the patterns of minimum, median and maximum diversity, an understanding of this factor is critical to future biodiversity research. Quantile regression of the data showed that the three diversity parameters of tree species are generally higher in cold, humid temperate climates than in dry, hot climates.

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* Autor para correspondencia: guperezv@ipn.mx RESUMENUn elemento clave para favorecer un manejo forestal sustentable es conocer las compensaciones, sinergias y relaciones de los servicios ecosistémicos generados por los bosques. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la relación entre el manejo forestal y algunos servicios ecosistémicos, en particular la conservación de la diversidad vegetal, producción de madera, regulación de los flujos del agua y el secuestro y almacenamiento de carbono en bosques templados de México. Se revisaron varias bases de datos bibliográficos para encontrar los estudios más relacionados con estos temas, compilándose 57 trabajos. El manejo forestal se materializa a través de prácticas que incluyen aclareos, cortas de regeneración, selección y otros tratamientos complementarios. De manera general, el manejo forestal impacta de forma positiva el abastecimiento de madera (materia prima) y el secuestro y almacén de carbono. Tiene un efecto variable en la conservación de la diversidad vegetal y negativo en el abastecimiento de flujos de agua, al menos al inicio de la intervención silvícola. El impacto y resiliencia del ecosistema depende de la escala espacial y temporal de la perturbación. La identificación, cuantificación y evaluación de las interacciones de los servicios ecosistémicos en los bosques templados de México, puede ayudar a los tomadores de decisiones a minimizar los impactos posibles del manejo forestal sobre los servicios ecosistémicos.PALABRAS CLAVE: diversidad vegetal, flujos de agua, prácticas silvícolas, producción de madera, secuestro y almacén de carbono. ABSTRACTA key element to favor sustainable forest management is to know the trade-offs and synergy relationships of ecosystem services generated by forests. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between forest management and some ecosystem services, namely plant diversity, timber production, regulation of water flows, and carbon sequestration in temperate forests of Mexico. Several bibliographic databases were reviewed to find the publications related with those subjects, eventually compiling 57 studies. The forest management applied is materialized through silvicultural practices that include thinning, regeneration, and selection cuts. In general, forest management has a positive impact on the provision of wood (raw material) and carbon sequestration. It has a variable effect on the conservation of plant diversity and it is negatively correlated with the flow of water, at least at the beginning of the silvicultural intervention. The impact and resilience of the ecosystem depends on the spatial and temporal scale of the disturbance. The identification, quantification, and evaluation of ecosystem services interactions in temperate forests of Mexico could help decision makers to understand and minimize the potential impacts of forest management on ecosystem services. KEYWORDS: plant diversity, water flows, silvicultural practices, wood production, carbon sequestration.