The Alas Purwo National Park (APNP) has been designated as a world reserved biosphere by UNESCO. Reserved biosphere is an area consisting of the original ecosystem, unique ecosystems, or ecosystems that have degraded their entire natural elements; therefore, this biosphere is protected and preserved for research and education. To support the protection and preservation efforts, it is important to conduct a basic research for empowering the plant species. This study aimed to characterize the architectural model based on the branching tree and to make a key determination or identification of tree species in the APNP. Exploration of APNP area was conducted using the survey methods; it had been done by passing through the triangulated, going to the bridge Sunglon Ombo until Pancur, then rotating to the cave Istana, the lodge of Sadengan, then going back to the triangulated. The architectural model and the type of branch of trees in APNP were observed. They were stratified by 23 of the known architectural models. The data was descriptively analyzed then the key determination was made. The result showed 11 of tree architecture models consisted of Troll 14 types, Scarrone 4 types, Corner 4 types, Leeuwenberg 3 types, Aubreville 3 types, Mc Clure 3 types, Rauh 5 types, Masart 2 types, Holtum 1 type, Prevost 1 type, and Koriba 1 type. Furthermore, the 11 plants as the examples of the architectural model were described, completed with photos, and notes on endemic species of APNP. The identification key for multiple branching trees also was added depending on the model.
Diterima tanggal 8Maret 2012, direvisi tanggal 1April 2012 ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang etnobotani meliputi inventarisasi jenis dan potensi tanaman obat pada masyarakat Tengger, Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi jenis dan potensi tanaman obat pada masyarakat Tengger di kawasan TNBTS. Metode yang digunakan adalah ethnodirect sampling meliputi wawancara langsung maupun semi struktural terhadap penduduk biasa, pemangku adat dan dukun/tabib. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 98 jenis tanaman obat yang digunakan oleh suku Tengger. Beberapa tanaman obat endemik yang terdapat di kawasan TNBTS adalah purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan), krangean (Abrus laevigatus), adas (Foeniculum vulgare), kayu ampet (Astronia macrophylla), pulosari (Alyxia reinwardtii), pronojiwo (Euchresta horsfieldii), sempretan, dringu (Acorus calamus) dan jamur impes. Suku Tengger tidak menanam sendiri tanaman obat tetapi mencari tanaman obat yang digunakan di kawasan hutan TNBTS. ABSTRACT The research on use of various plants for medical purposes was undertaken in Tengger tribe area, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP). The objectives of the research were to give information about species and potency of medicinal plants. Ethnodirect sampling was done through directly or semistructural interview to the ordinary peoples, traditional leader and traditional therapist. The result of study showed that there were 98 species of medicinal plants that used by Tengger purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan), krangean (Abrus laevigatus), adas (Foeniculum vulgare), kayu ampet (Astronia macrophylla), pulosari (Alyxia reinwardtii), pronojiwo (Euchresta horsfieldii), sempretan, dringu (Acorus calamus) dan jamur impes were endemic grow in BTSNP. Tengger tribe did not cultivate the medicinal plants by themselves but seeking it in BTSNP forest.
Biosistem yang digambarkan pada hasil observasi di sini adalah suatu keadaan faktor biotik dan abiotik pada pertanian apel yang tidak terbatas pada suatu nilai yang tetap. Data yang diperoleh dari tiga tahapan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai informasi yang mendukung upaya konsevasi pertanian apel. Tahapan penelitian tersebut meliputi evaluasi nutrisi makro tanah dan tanaman, formulasi pengomposan kotoran sapi diperkaya (menggunakan bakteri indigenus) dan eksplorasi tanaman penutup tanah pertanian apel. Kandungan beberapa nutrisi makro untuk tanah pertanian apel Bumiaji menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang berada pada kisaran sedang dan tinggi. Hasil analisis makro nutrisi daun apel yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan standar menurut Utah Fertilizer Guide menunjukkan bahwa makro nutrisi N, P, Ca berada pada status normal, K berada pada status kurang dan Mg berlebih. Ketersediaan nutrisi di tanah dapat dipelihara dengan penambahan kompos. Kotoran sapi yang diperkaya dengan bakteri indigen mampu mendekomposisi kotoran sapi dalam waktu 2-3 minggu. Proses dekomposisi kotoran sapi berlangsung lebih cepat pada pemberian bakteri indigenus yang mempunyai kemampuan selulolitik dan sekaligus proteolitik serta amilolitik apabila dibandingkan kontrol yang tanpa pemberian inokulum bakteri. Pada pertanian apel di Poncokusumo, kondisi lahan dengan sistem penyiangan cs (cukup sering) dan sj (sangat jarang) tampak lebih stabil daripada ss (sering sekali) berdasarkan nilai ID (indek diversitas), DR (dominansi relatif) dan INP (indek nilai penting). Hal ini diperjelas oleh nilai biomassa tanaman. Biomassa yang lebih tinggi menyebabkan suhu tanah yang lebih rendah karena jumlah TPT yang banyak mempunyai konsekuensi mengandung banyak air pada jaringannya.
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