This paper investigates comprehensive knowledge regarding joining CFRP and aluminium alloys in available literature in terms of available methods, bonding processing and mechanism and properties. The methods employed comprise the use of adhesive, self-piercing rivet, bolt, clinching and welding to join only CFRP and aluminium alloys. The non-thermal joining methods received great attention though the welding process has high potential in joining these materials. Except adhesive bonding and welding, other joining methods require the penetration of metallic pins through joining parts and therefore, surface preparation is unimportant. No model is found to predict the properties of jointed structures, which makes it difficult to select one over another in applications. The choice of bonding methods depends primarily on the specific applications. The load-bearing mechanism of bolted joints is predominantly the friction that is the first stage resistance. Hybrid joints performance is enhanced by combining rivets, clinch or bolts with adhesives.

No abstract

Titanium alloys are widely used in various engineering design application due to its superior material properties. The traditional manufacturing of titanium products is always difficult, time consuming, high material wastage and manufacturing costs. Selective laser melting (SLM), an additive manufacturing technology has widely gained attention due to its capability to produce near net shape components with less production time. In this technical paper, microstructure, chemical composition, tensile properties and hardness are studied for the wrought and additive manufactured SLM cylindrical bar. Microstructure, mechanical properties and hardness were studied in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bar to study the effect of orientation. It was found that additive manufactured bar have higher yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness than the wrought bar. For both conventional and SLM test samples, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness was found to be high in the transverse direction. The difference in the properties can be attributed to the difference in microstructure as a result of processing conditions. The tensile fracture area was quantified by careful examination of the fracture surfaces in the scanning electron microscope.

Search methods' abilities for adaptation to various multidimensional tasks where optimisation parameters are hundreds, thousands and more, without retuning of algorithms' parameters seems to be a great challenge for modern computational intelligence. Many evolutionary, swarm and adaptive methods, which perform well on numerical tests with up to ten dimensions are suffering insuperable stagnation when applied to 100 and more dimensional tests. This article presents a comparison between particle swarm optimisation, differential evolution both with enhanced adaptivity and Free Search applied to 100 multidimensional heterogeneous real-value numerical tests. The aim is to extend the knowledge on how high dimensionality reflects on search space complexity, in particular to identify minimal time and minimal number of objective function evaluations required by used methods for reaching acceptable solution with non-zero probability on tasks with high dimensions' number. The achieved experimental results are summarised and analysed. Brief discussion on concepts, which support search methods effectiveness, concludes the article.

No abstract