Summary
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and 4,5‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonate (Tiron) redox couple is introduced. ZnCl2 and Tiron are used as negative and positive active materials, which are dissolved in near‐neutral pH, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) supporting electrolyte. Cell voltage of RFB using ZnCl2 and Tiron is extremely high as 1.8 V, while two cellulose spacers are introduced to prevent the growth of zinc dendrite on the membrane. When the performances of RFBs using ZnCl2 and Tiron are measured, their charge efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) are 95, 79, and 75% at 40 mA cm−2, whereas their capacity fading rate is high as 0.12 Ah L−1 per cycle. This is due to the zinc dendrite formed on the electrode of RFB that is attributed to the aggregation of zinc ions. To suppress the aggregation and to preserve active sites for the redox reaction of zinc ions during cycling, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive is suggested. Regarding the optimization of PEG, 5000 ppm PEG induces both high efficiencies (97, 81, and 79% of CE, VE, and EE at 40 mA cm−2) and low capacity loss rate (0.03 Ah L−1 per cycle), which are more enhanced performances than those of RFBs operated without PEG. In terms of power density of RFB using ZnCl2 and Tiron, high power density of 144 mW cm−2 is achieved under 120 mA cm−2, which is far better performance than that of other RFBs operated under near‐neutral pH electrolyte.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.