Impulse turbine is one of the oldest methods of water power extraction. Pelton turbine is one amongst them. There is notable increase in utilization of renewable energy sources and hydropower in developed countries. The potential energy of water in hilly areas can fulfill the demands of the rural areas and can also contribute to grids. The power output of a turbine can be increased from the same input by improvising its efficiency. This paper aims to design the Pelton turbine wheel to improve its hydraulic efficiency. Parametric optimization of a Pelton turbine wheel is achieved by two methods: direct search method and efficiency optimization method. The effect of bucket exit angle, specific speed, speed ratio and nozzle opening on hydraulic efficiency is described here. The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine will be higher at the complete nozzle opening and at a higher specific speed. The maximum hydraulic efficiency is achieved for the specific speed 20.77. The theoretical hydraulic efficiency 93.9 percentage is achieved for 15 degrees of exit angle at 0.49-speed ratio.

Hydro-power energy is the most efficient renewable energy sources in the world. India stands in the top ten hydropower generation countries list. Pelton turbine is a well-known hydropower extraction machine. The Pelton turbine buckets play an important role in the efficiency of the hydro turbine which is in continuous interaction with high velocity jet and there are possibilities of damages to the bucket in the form of erosion as water contains small debris as sediments. Eroded buckets greatly reduce the efficiency of the turbine. Attempt is made by researchers to developed co-relations to evaluate wear rate and efficiency reduction based on the practical data. The majority of erosion takes place at splitter areas. An erosion cannot be eliminated, but it can be reduced by some amount. The results of the mathematical model indicate that the effect of silt size to the wear rate is 0.0001 gram per gram of bucket weight for a particular silt concentration and the result of silt concentration to wear rate is 0.0007 gram per gram of bucket weight for a particular silt size. The normalised efficiency loss is increased to 0.13% for a specific silt size with the variation of silt contraction. The average wear rate is nearly 3.1 mm per year for laboratory-scale Pelton turbine bucket; which is manufactured from brass and bronze materials. The coating of various materials over the buckets are used by researchers to reduce erosion. Among all coating materials, WC-Co-Cr gives better results against erosion.

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