This paper shows that the capability of voltage-source converters (VSCs) to control the real power output of wind turbine generators (WTGs) can be applied to smooth power fluctuations due to wind turbulence. The paper calls attention to instability that can arise from: 1) the wind turbine itself and 2) the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The paper presents G P /V (s) to characterize the dynamic behavior of WTGs.Index Terms-Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), decoupled P -Q control, filtering, frequency fluctuation, moment of inertia, smoothing, voltage-source converters (VSCs), wind farm, wind turbine generators (WTGs), wind power fluctuation.

In this paper, minute-to-minute wind power variations are decomposed into slow, fast, and ramp components to assess the influence of each component on power system operation. Using detailed, long-term simulation models, this paper confirms that most power systems can absorb the impacts of wind power variations with little difficulty. Yet, since ramps in wind power and system demand could coincide, systems with limited ramping capabilities are at risk. It is shown that extending simulation models to include load dynamics and automatic generation control (AGC) time delays do not alter these conclusions. This paper also discusses wind penetration approaches and control area performance measures, linking the latter to the placement of the wind farms within the interconnection.Index Terms-AGC model, automatic generation control (AGC), long-term dynamic model, penetration limit, system dynamic response, wind events, wind farm model, wind power.

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