EARLIER experiments, in which the concentration of Mg in the plasma of anaesthetized dogs was maintained at a high level for 5 to 24 hrs, have shown that the Mg* content of cerebrospinal fluid is independent of the plasma level. This suggests that the stability of the Mg concentration in the CSF is maintained by a selective mechanism involving active transport of this ion (KE-, BOLDIZSAR and F'ETHES, 1961). The present report provides confirmation of this idea and also considers the distribution of other cations.Two types of experiment were undertaken. In the first (Type 1, Table 1) the concentration of Mg++ in the plasma was kept artificially high for several hours by means of an intravenous infusion, the water content of which brought about a decrease in the concentration of other plasma cations. In the second type of experiment (Type 2, Table l), a simultaneous rise in plasma K+ and plasma Ca* as well as plasma Mg++ were induced and the effect on the corresponding concentrations in CSF was determined. Experiments of the second type were also carried out in the presence of low plasma sodium concentrations.
METHODS
Experimental conditionsAcute experiments were performed on 31 mongrel dogs and bitches weighing about 15 kg, under chloralose M~COS~S. The experimental arrangements were similar to those previously described (~N Y , BOLDIZSLR and &TEES, 1961). Two types of infusion were used; details of their composition are given in Table 1.In the second type of infusion experiment, MgSO, solution was infused from a burette inserted into one femoral vein and CaCI, and KC1 solutions were infused into the other of a dog lying on its side.Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein and CSF samples from the cisterna rnagna. When CSF pressure was continuously registered, samples were taken by means of a T-shaped branch-pipe.
The effects of taurine on the motility and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration of fowl spermatozoa were investigated in vitro. The addition of taurine, within the range of 0-5 mmol l(-1), did not appreciably affect the motility of intact fowl spermatozoa. Motility remained almost negligible at 40 degrees C, while vigorous movement was observed at 25 degrees C. Even with the addition of Ca2+ before the addition of taurine, neither stimulation nor inhibition of motility was observed compared with the control (no addition of taurine). Similar results were obtained by the addition of taurine and calyculin A, a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases. There were no changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations, measured by a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, fura-2, in taurine-treated spermatozoa. These results suggest that taurine is not involved in the regulation of fowl sperm motility and metabolism by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in vitro.
Zusammenfassung
Proteinqualität von Futtermittelmischungen II. Weizen und Schlachtabfallmehle
Die Proteinqualität von Mischungen aus Weizen und Mehlen von Schweine‐ und Geflügelschlachtabfällen wurde mit Hilfe folgender Kriterien geprüft: NPU‐Wert, Körpergewichtsentwicklung und Futterverwertung bei der Ratte, Aminosäurezusammensetzung, limitierende essentielle Aminosäure, Summe der essentiellen Aminosäuren, Chemical score, PV‐Wert und EAA‐Index. Es wurden 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 8; 10 und 20% des Weizens durch tierisches Proteinfutter ersetzt. Bei den in vivo‐Untersuchungen wurde in jeder Mischung ein Ergänzungseffekt nachgewiesen. Der Chemical score und EAA‐Index zeigten Ergänzungswirkungen nur bei Weizen und Schlachtmehlen vom Schwein. Aus der Summe der essentiellen Aminosäuren ließen sich keine Voraussagen für den NPU‐Wert bei der Ratte ableiten. Die Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen in vivo‐ und in vitro‐Methoden hängen von Art und Mischungsverhältnis der beiden Komponenten ab.
Zusammenfassung
Proteinqualität von Futtermittelmischungen. I. Getreide und Fleischknochenmehl
Folgende Mischungen im Verhältnis von 100:0; 80: 20; 60:40; 40:60; 20:80; 0:100 wurden untersucht: Weizen und Fleischknochenmehl, Gerste und Fleischknochenmehl sowie Mais und Fleischknochenmehl. Als Parameter wurden in in vitro‐Untersuchungen Aminosäurezusammensetzung, limitierende essentielle Aminosäure, Summe der essentiellen Aminosäuren, EAA‐Index, Chemical score und PV‐Wert bestimmt. In vivo wurde der NPU‐Wert, die Gewichtsentwicklung und Futterverwertung bestimmt.
Durch die Mischung der Komponenten konnten in vivo Ergänzungseffekte nachgewiesen werden. Die Summe des essentiellen AS und der EAA‐Index haben nur einen geringen oder gar keinen Wert für die Voraussage der Proteinverwertung. Die Durchführung von in vitro Methoden wie Chemical score führen ebenfalls zu keiner Übereinstimmung mit dem NPU‐Wert bei der Ratte.
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