An endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris CBR-15, was isolated from Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. (Asclepiadaceae) and identified by its characteristic culture morphology and molecular analysis of the ITS region of rDNA and intervening 5.8S rRNA gene. The impact of different culture media on biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites was tested by disc diffusion assay. Polyketide synthase gene (PKS) of the endophytic fungus was investigated using three pairs of degenerate primers LC1–LC2c, LC3–LC5c and KS3–KS4c by PCR. TLC-bioautography method was employed to detect the antimicrobial metabolites. Antimicrobial metabolites fractionated with ethyl acetate extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria and fungi. Biosynthesis of antimicrobial metabolites was optimum as depicted by zone of inhibition from ethyl acetate extract cultured in potato dextrose broth. Strain CBR-15 was identified as Phomopsisliquidambaris and PKS genes of the fungus were amplified with LC3–LC5c and KS3–KS4c sets of degenerate primers. These findings suggest that endophytic P.liquidambaris CBR-15 harbor iterative type I fungal PKS gene domain which indicates the biosynthetic potential of endophytic fungi as producers of natural antimicrobial metabolites. The study also demonstrates the utilization and optimization of different culture media which best supports for the biosynthesis of the antimicrobial metabolites from P.liquidambaris.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0204-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The present study highlighted that the synthesis of β-Glucan nanoparticles (β-GluNPs) developed as a facile method to prevent cancer and infectious diseases, which is highly effective and inexpensive in the biological eld. This research study has demonstrated the use of marine algae (Gracilaria corticate) to extract water-soluble β-Glucan and synthesis of β-GluNPs by dissolving the extracted β-Glucan in NaOH under optimal conditions. The molecular structure of the extracted and stabilized β-GluNPs was analysed using NMR. Further, the Physico-chemical parameters of β-GluNPs were analysed by the high throughput instruments like UV spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, ZETA Potential, SEM, HRTEM, and XRD analysis. The synthesis of β-GluNPs con rmed by IR spectroscopy. The HR-TEM results demonstrated that the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles with a mean size of 20 ± 5 nm. The hydrostatic zeta potential was − 22.7mV, which indicated their colloidal stability. The XRD pattern revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Besides, β-GluNPs performed better antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens.The apoptosis and DNA fragmentation observed to be IC 50 42.5 µg/ml of the β-GluNPs. The DNA fragmentation assay indicated the selective inhibition of the MCF-7 cell line by DNA damage. Hence, β-GluNPs used as a promising alternative drug against human breast cancer.

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