This article reports on the first 3D cadastral registration in The Netherlands, accomplished in March 2016. The solution was sought within the current cadastral, organisational, and technical frameworks to obtain a deeper knowledge on the optimal way of implementing 3D registration, while avoiding discussions between experts from different domains. The article presents the developed methodology to represent legal volumes in an interactive 3D visualisation that can be registered in the land registers. The source data is the 3D Building Information Model (BIM). The methodology is applied to two cases: (1) the case of the railway station in Delft, resulting in the actual 3D registration in 2016; and (2) a building complex in Amsterdam, improving the Delft-case and providing the possibility to describe a general workflow from design data to a legal document. An evaluation provides insights for an improved cadastral registration of multi-level property rights. The main conclusion is that in specific situations, a 3D approach has important advantages for cadastral registration over a 2D approach. Further study is needed to implement the solution in a standardised and uniform way, from registration to querying and updating in the future, and to develop a formal registration process accordingly.

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a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the design and implementation of the cadastral system extension for registration of 3D rights and restrictions in the Netherlands fitting within the ISO 19152, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) final draft international standard. The implementation will be conducted in two phases. The first phase of the solution does not require a change of the legal and cadastral frameworks and will be used to gain experience in the challenging domain of 3D cadastre where technical and legal aspects interact. Typical 3D cadastral objects are analysed including their current registration. A procedure to improve the registration is developed that includes an extension of the cadastral system to accept 3D descriptions in 3D pdf format as part of the deed. One of the drawbacks of this solution is that it is not possible to validate the 3D cadastral representations (Are the volumes closed? Are the neighbours non-overlapping?) The second phase is research in progress and comprises the actual inclusion of the 3D data in the registration, enabling complete validation and even better 3D data management and dissemination. Based on experiences to be collected from the first phase and experiences from other countries, the solution for the second phase will be further refined and subsequently implemented in due time.