A cladistic biogeographic study of the western Mediterranean terrestrial fauna is made using taxon-area cladograms of ten groups of animals showing high levels of endemicity in the area. The groups analysed are the Nephmtomflavescens group, the Tipula (Acutipula) maxima group, the 7. (Lunatipula) bulhta andfalcatu group, the subgenus X (Medio@uh), the X (Savlshenkia) gorizietlsir group, the X (S.) signnta group (Insecta, Diptera, Tipulidae), the APtonmura corsicana group (Insecta, Plecoptera, Nemouridae), the genus Speonemad~ (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cholevidae), and the subgenera Trituw (Palaeohiton) and Tririatnrs (Tnriatm) (Urodela, Salamandridae). The groups contain a total of 123 species and subspecies. Detailed distribution maps of 94 species and subspecies of Tipulidae included in the study are given. Based on the distributions of 74 endemic species and subspecies, 13 areas of endemism in the Mediterranean are recognized. The geology of the western Mediterranean since the late Oligocene is discussed with reference to a number of maps showing kinematic reconstructions of the area. Five methods for cladistic biogeographic purposes were employed, viz. Brooks

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Anti-GM1 antibodies were measured in 22 patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and compared with anti-GM1 antibody activity in patients with other neurological or immunological diseases and in normal subjects. Four out of 22 patients with GBS had raised IgM, IgG, or IgA anti-GM, antibody activities. All four patients were tetraparetic with only minimal or no sensory deficit. Three ofthe patients had highly raised antibody activity and showed severe residual deficits, while of the remaining patients with GBS, only one remained severely affected. One patient had anti-GM1 antibodies specific for GM1, whereas the other three patients showed antibody activity with asialo-GM1 or GD1b. residual motor signs/slight sensory signs and/or paraesthesia; moderate = residual motor and sensory signs/fully ambulant; bad = serious residual motor signs/braces oT wheelchair; dead= died during acute phase. Anti-GM, antibodies: -=not raised, + =mildly raised (< 1000 AU/I), + + =highly raised.

A study was carried out on 135 patients with chronic idiopathic neuropathy (63), neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy (51, including eight with anti-MAG antibody activity) and the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) (21). Serum IgM, IgG and IgA anti-sulphatide antibody titres were compared with titres in 304 patients with other neurological or immunological diseases and in 50 normal subjects. Titres were presented a) as the highest serum dilution at which reactivity could be detected, and b) in the linear region of the optical density curve. A substantial number of patients with neurological or immunological diseases had higher titres than normal subjects.