A complete and efficient regeneration protocol was developed for Vanilla planifolia ‘Andrews’, an endangered orchid species that represents an important crop in several tropical countries. Axillary buds excised from the first to the eighth node, considering the first to fourth nodes as “young” (zone 1) and the fifth to eighth as “mature” (zone 2), were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.73, 7.64, 9.55, or 11.46 μm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) for shoot induction and in combination with 4.45 μm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to induce multiple shoot proliferation. Cytokinin concentration and bud position in the stem had a significant effect on the number of shoots regenerated. The greatest shoot formation per explant, for the two tested zones, was obtained with 9.55 μm BA on MS medium supplemented with 100 mg·L−1 myoinositol, 150 mg·L−1 citric acid, 100 mg·L−1 ascorbic acid, and 20 g·L−1 sucrose. Young buds from zone 1 were able to form an average of 18.5 ± 2.4 shoots per explant, whereas buds from zone 2 induced a maximum of 11.0 ± 1.0 shoots per explant. Plants of 2 to 3 cm height developed a root system in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.44 μm NAA and, once they reached 5 cm height on average, were transferred to greenhouse conditions for their acclimatization where a 100% rate survival was achieved. The optimal use of both young and mature buds from each mother plant to induce adventitious shoots permitted a marked increase in the number of shoots per explant. By using all buds from the upper stem part (zone 1 + zone 2) and subculturing every 90 d, the multiplication rate was 1.1 to 1.86 × 105 shoots per bud per year.
Semillas de Trompillo (Encyclia adenocaula (La Llave & Lex.) Schltr. Orchidaceae), procedentes de cápsulas maduras de una población, fueron analizadas respecto a: tamaño, estructura, peso, número de semillas por gramo y la viabilidad mediante prueba de Tetrazolio con y sin pretratamiento de Ca(OCl)2 y Twenn , la prueba de germinación asimbiótica en condiciones in vitro para comparar la viabilidad de las mismas. La germinación, se evaluó en porcentaje y días a germinación en tres medios semisólidos de cultivo (MS + CV; MS + extracto de plátano; MS + agua de coco). El tamaño de la semilla fue de 0.56±0.08 mm de largo por 0.09±0.01mm de ancho, cubriendo un área de 3.25±0.5 mm2, con un peso aproximado de 1.6±0.08μg, registrando 63 500 semillas por gramo. El porcentaje de viabilidad mediante la prueba de Tetrazolio presentó diferencias estadísticas significativas (p≤0.05) entre los tratamientos, sobresaliendo los tratamientos de Tetrazolio al 1% con y sin Twenn con 50.3 y 48.2% respectivamente, el pretratamiento con Ca(OCl)2 afectó directamente la viabilidad de las semillas. En la germinación asimbiótica se presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p≤ 0.05) entre los tratamientos, destacando MS + CV con 56.9% de germinación a los 30 días, seguidos de medio MS + agua de coco con 31.4% de germinación a los 55.7 días, por último el medio MS + extracto de plátano con 23% a los 59.1 días.
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