Sexual assault is a serious social problem that affects women's life. In Egypt, there is no accurate epidemiological study on sexual assault, although it has undergone a dramatic surge in 2013. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of sexual assault against female in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. It is a retrospective study evaluating sexual assault against females from 2009 to 2013. Total numbers of cases of female sexual assault was 130 over the studied years. The mean (SD) age of victims was 15.2 (6) years ranging from 4 to 40 years. Fifty-eight percent fall in the age group of 12 to 18 years. Most victims (61.5%) came from urban areas. Summer was relatively a vulnerable season for sexual assault (53.1%); 81.5% of victims was unmarried and 94.6% with normal mentality. The highest percentage of sexual assault crime was found in females with primary education (44.6%). Twenty-two (16.9%) of the assaulted cases were considered intrafamilial assault, whereas 83.1% were extrafamilial. The most common location for assaults was at the assailant's home (50.8%), and 80% of the victims were exposed to assault by 1 assailant. The shortest time between alleged assault and the examination was 1 day in 12 cases (9.2%). The most frequent type of assault was complete vaginal penetration (48.55%). The most common type of physical injury was abrasions (48.1%), whereas the least was burn or broken teeth (1.3% for each). The highest percentage of genital injury was lacerations (36.4%), and the most common location was the hymen (36.4%).

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One hundred twenty samples of some meat products (30 each of sausage, pastrami, corned beef and canned luncheon beef) were randomly purchased from Port-Said markets. The samples were examined for assessment the levels of nitrite, nitrate and sorbic acid salts. The obtained results revealed that the mean values of nitrite level in the examined meat products were 120.40 ± 7. 03, 142.15 ± 9.13, 186.27 ± 4.42 and 159.96 ± 6.73 ppm for sausage, pastrami, corned beef and canned luncheon beef respectively. While that of nitrate and sorbic acid salts were 73.49 ± 6.46, 62.54 ±19.44, 39.82 ± 9.96 and 28.52 ±10.86 ppm and 0.92 ±0.11, 1.25 ±0.12, 0.00 and 0.00 g/kg for sausage, pastrami, corned beef and canned luncheon beef respectively. For all samples nitrite was detected in 100% of the examined samples, while nitrate was detected in 100, 3.33, 43.33 and 26.67% of the sausage, pastrami, corned beef and canned luncheon beef samples respectively. On the other hand sorbic acid salts was detected in 100% of sausage and pastrami samples and could not be detected in the corned beef and canned luncheon beef samples. For all specimens 3 (10%), 7 (23.33%) and 4 (13.33%) of pastrami, corned beef and canned luncheon beef samples exceeded the permissible limits of nitrite established by JECFA "FAO/WHO" (1974) respectively, while nitrate not exceed the permissible limits. In case of sorbic acid salts 2 (6.67%) of sausage and 5 (16.67%) of pastrami exceeded the permissible limits of sorbic acid salts. The effects of nitrite, nitrate and sorbic acid salts levels on public health significance were discussed.

A hydroponic system was developed and used for purification of an anaerobically treated dairy manure and production of forage crops. The effect of light duration, seeding rate and wastewater application rate on the crop yield and pollution potential reduction were studied. The results indicated that a wheat forage crop can be produced in 21 days from germination to harvest in this system and removal efficiencies of up to 89.9, 94.6, and 86.7 % can be achieved for the total solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen, respectively. Increasing the wastewater application rate increased the crop yield and decreased the pollutants removal efficiencies. A treatment combination of wastewater application rate of 900 mL/day, a seeding rate of 400 g and a light duration of 12 hours gave the best results for crop yield (3.65 kg of wheat/tray). A total possible yield of 3160 tonnes per hectare per year can be achieved with the system (with thirteen harvests per year). This is more than 98 times greater than the yield obtainable from a field grown conventional forage of 245 tonnes per hectare per year. At the optimum forage production, removal efficiencies of 75.7, 85.9 and 75.6% were achieved for the solids, COD, ammonium nitrogen, respectively. A nitrate nitrogen concentration of 6.7 mg/L was found in the effluent from the hydroponic system. This is below the Canadian Environmental and Health Guidelines of 10 mg/L