No abstract

SUMMARY The 'sump syndrome' is a rare, late complication of choledochoenterostomies. We observed 13 patients with this syndrome. The clinical features included recurrent cholangitis, liver abscesses, and recurrent pancreatitis. Five patients were treated by surgery, eight patients endoscopically. Reviewing an average follow up period of 22 months (range 6-60) after therapeutic endoscopy and 57 months (range 1-126) after different surgical procedures, we conclude that endoscopic sphincterotomy with removal of the debris is as efficient a therapy of the 'sump syndrome' as surgical sphincteroplasty and entails a smaller risk for the patient. We therefore advocate that endoscopic papillotomy should first be tried in all cases of 'sump syndrome' in the absence of suprapapillary stricture of the bile ducts.

During the 29th Soviet Antarctic Expedition in Novolazarevskaya from March 1984 to March 1985, the protein and energy metabolisms were studied in six expeditioners from the German Democratic Republic. The investigations were carried out at the beginning of the expedition (May), during the polar night (July) and during the polar day (December). The effect of a special stress situation (sledge trek in April 1984) was investigated in one subject. The stable nitrogen isotope (15)N was used to study the protein metabolism. The assessment of the energy metabolism was based on the oxygen consumption, which was determined by means of a spirograph. In addition, the vital capacity, the breath minute volume, the blood pressure, etc. were measured. The following results were obtained: During the polar night, the utilisation of the dietary proteins and the whole body protein synthesis calculated by means of the (15)N excretion of the total nitrogen in urine were greater (73.6±0.9 % and 3.48±0.17 g protein d(-1) kg(-1), n=3) than the respective values during the polar day (69.7±1.2, p<0.05, n=3 and 3.05±0.07, p<0.05, n=3) and at the beginning of the expedition (69.6±1.4, p<0.02, n=5 and 2.81±0.09, p<0.01, n=5). The lowest values (58.0 % and 2.43 g protein d(-1) kg(-1)) were obtained in the subject after the trek. The resting metabolic rate (in kJ d(-1) m(-2)) was decreased during the polar night (45.6±5.0, n=4) in comparison with the polar day (61.5±11.3, n=3) and the beginning of the expedition (52.3±9.6, n=4) with p<0.01 in both cases.

Stable isotopes, such as 13C, should be substituted for the long-lived radionuclide 14C in the 14C breath test when doing liver function tests in children and pregnant women. For comparison 13C, 15N-methacetin and 14C-methacetin were synthesized as suitable diagnostic agents. Methods are described for the measurement of 14C and 13C in the breath. After oral administration of labelled methacetin to healthy subjects and patients with liver diseases a good correspondence between 13C- and 14C-measurements in the same subject on the one hand, and a good discrimination between controls and patients on the other hand were shown. Findings with regard to 14C measurements in urine are discussed supporting the supposed advantage of 13C-methacetin over 14C-methacetin application.

In früheren Arbeiten (1, 2) ist über den Einfluß einer variierten N‐Düngung, insbesondere einer späten zur Zeit der Blüte verabreichten N‐Gabe, auf die Eiweißzusammensetzung des Gerstenkorns berichtet worden. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß mit steigendem N‐Gehalt des Kornes dessen verschiedene Eiweiße in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß vermehrt werden. Zur Übersicht ist in Abb. 1 die Lokalisation der verschiedenen Eiweiße des Gerstenkornes, wie sie durch Extraktion gewonnen werden können, schematisch dargestellt und ihr Anteil sowie ihr recht unterschiedlicher Gehalt an der für die Tierernährung besonders bedeutungsvollen Aminosäure Lysin in Durchschnittswerten angegeben worden. Der Eiweißgehalt steigt in der Regel von geringen Werten der äußersten Schichten bis auf 30% in der Aleuronschicht an und fällt dann wieder allmählich über die kleinzelligen äußeren bis zu den großzelligen inneren Schichten des Mehlkörpers ab. Einen ähnlich hohen Eiweißgehalt wie die Aleuronschicht besitzt der Keimling. An spezifischen Eiweißen finden sich im Keimling als „Konstitutionseiweiße”︁ Albumine und Globuline und in der Aleuronschicht vorwiegend Globuline, während der Mehlkörper in erster Linie Prolamin und Glutelin als „Speichereiweiße”︁ enthält ), die im Weizen als Klebereiweiße Träger von dessen guten Backeigenschaften sind, die aber durch ihren relativ geringen Lysingehalt den Futterwert im Futtergetreide etwas herabsetzen.