Numerical simulations of three dimensional turbulent incompressible¯ows through linear cascades of turbine rotor blades with high turning angles have been performed using a generalized k-e model which is a high Reynolds number form and derived by RNG (renormalized group) method to account for the variation of the rate of strain. The convective terms are approximated by using a second order upwind scheme to suppress numerical diffusion. Boundary-®tted coordinates are adopted to represent the complex cascade geometry accurately. For

Abstract-In this paper, we report our numerical simulation on the electronic-optical properties of the phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) devices. In order to calculate the electrical and optical characteristics such as the transport behavior of carriers, recombination kinetics, and emission property, we undertake the finite element method (FEM). Our model includes Poisson's equation, continuity equation to account for behavior of electrons and holes and the exciton continuity/ transfer equation. We demonstrate that the refractive indexes of each material affect the emission property and the barrier height of the interface influences the behavior of charges and the generation of exciton.