As one of the genic male sterility (GMS) materials in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), GMS1 has been used for commercial F 1 hybrid seed production. The male sterility of GMS1 is controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, named ms 1 . In this study, we developed DNA markers linked to the ms 1 locus using a combination of bulked segregant analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in a segregating sibling population. From the screening of 1024 AFLP primer combinations, the AFLP marker E-AGC/M-GTG (514 bp) was identified as being linked to the ms 1 locus at a distance of about 3 cM. Based on internal sequencing analysis of the E-AGC/ M-GTG marker between male fertile and sterile plants, we identified three small deletions with a size of altogether 42 bp in the male-fertile plant and developed a codominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. This SCAR marker may be valuable for marker-assisted breeding in the hybrid seed production system of chili pepper using the GMS1 line.

In this research, we propose an analytical method to control the period and the clarity of the beat in a slightly asymmetric ring. The concept of a simple equivalent ring is applied, i.e. a slightly asymmetric ring with known modal data is modeled as an equivalent circular ring with one or multiple point masses, which has the same modal data as that of the original ring. By using the equivalent ring model, the optimal beat tuning is achieved by adding a 2 nd point mass in order to obtain the required period and clarity in the beating vibration. The results obtained from the analytical method are compared with those obtained from finite element analysis(FEA) and the validity of the proposed method is verified. The proposed method can be effectively used to predict the mode pair and control the beat property in belltype structures.

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