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The Triticum timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) system in triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) suffers from a low frequency of maintainers and environmental instability of the male sterility. On the other hand, the Pampa cms system in rye (Secale cereale) exhibits strong male sterility and a low frequency of restorers. Here, we report generating hybrids between maintainers of the T. timopheevi cms system in triticale and maintainers of the rye Pampa cms system. Ten hybrids were obtained. Their hybridity was verified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) primers. The cms maintaining ability of F2 individuals and their progeny was tested. The F2 plants were crossed to male sterile lines of triticale carrying the T. timopheevi cytoplasm. Among 180 G1 offspring of these crosses, 71 (39.4%) were completely male sterile. Fourteen F2 individuals (7.8%), as well as their F2S1 and progeny, generated stable male sterility in G1, G1BC1 and G1BC2 generations after the crosses. Our results suggest that it is possible to produce a more stable cms system in triticale based on the T. timopheevi cytoplasm as compared to the existing one.

We present a reliable, visual method for evaluation of the level of male fertility during flowering, that is indispensable for breeding of hybrid cultivars of winter triticale based on the cms-T.timopheevi system. Detailed observations of anther development were performed on 20 F 2 and BC 1 plants derived from crosses between male-sterile and fertility restoring lines. Variation of anther development within florets, spikelets, spikes, and among spikes of the same plant was examined. Hierarchic analysis showed significant role of these factors in determination of anther development, irrespective of the level of plant fertility. The sterilizing effect of cytoplasm was always better visible in the tip and base spikelets of the spike, in the third floret, and the anther adjacent to the floret axis. Our data indicate that during selection toward male-sterile plants at anthesis, at least 5 spikes should be evaluated. Special attention should be paid to the development of the anthers at the 2 nd and 7 th spikelet of the spike along with the variability in anther development within spikelet and floret. The anthers in the tip and base spikelets of the spike must be precisely evaluated during selection toward restorer lines.

W latach 2008–2012 otrzymano i oceniono pod względem męskiej płodności cztery grupy mieszańców pszenżyta ozimego: 16 mieszańców F1 pochodzących z krzyżowania 8 męskosterylnych linii z cytoplazmą T. timopheevi z 2 odmianami, 36 mieszańców F1 z krzyżowania 4 linii, każda w innej cytoplazmie (T. timopheevi, Pampa, Ae. sharonensis i Ae. ventricosa) z 9 odmianami, 21 mieszańców (pokolenia F1–BC4) 7 linii w trzech cytoplazmach (T. timopheevi, Pampa, Ae. sharonensis) oraz 55 mieszańców F1–BC3 w cytoplazmie Ae. ovata. Mieszańce wykazywały różny stopień męskiej płodności. Indeks restoracji wynosił od 0 do 100% w zależności od linii matecznej, rodzaju cytoplazmy i genotypu ojcowskiego. W każdej grupie mieszańców z cytoplazmą T. timopheevi, Pampa, Ae. sharonensis i Ae. ventricosa występowała interakcja matki  ojcowie. Wszystkie mieszańce z cytoplazmą Ae. ovata były męskosterylne. Otrzymany materiał umożliwia wytworzenie odrębnych od cms-T. timopheevi systemów cytoplazmatyczno-genowej męskiej sterylności z udziałem cytoplazm Ae. sharonensis i Pampa.