No abstract

In this paper, we describe an experimental activity involving the water treatment steps using the activated carbon made from coconut fibre and grape pomace packaged in a filter constructed with low-cost material to adsorb chemical elements present in the underground saline water before desalination. The activated carbon (CA) was prepared with grape pomace (P) and coconut fiber (C) mixtures, with coconut/pomace doses of 100/0; 75/25; 50/50; 25/75; 0/100 (the first stage of the experiment). The 50C/50P mixture was statistically considered the most suitable for the production of CA, being chemically activated with ZnCl2, underflow of 100 mL/min, at 550ºC for 60 minutes. To evaluate the efficiency of the filter with the carbon produced, different contact times were used. Tests were performed every 5 minutes totalling 60 minutes. After the pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl determinations in each collection and the corresponding statistical analysis, it was noticed that in the initial five minutes there was already positive response to adsorption of the determined elements.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer um estudo hidrodinâmico de um relé de gás a partir da ferramenta fluidodinâmica computacional, para prever perfis de velocidade, variação de temperatura e pressão do óleo ocasionados por grandes falhas elétricas no interior do transformador (curtocircuito), partir das propriedades físicas, coeficiente de expansão volumétrica e condições operacionais. Obtendo informações mais precisas a respeito do comportamento do óleo no sistema. A metodologia proposta foi baseada em três etapas: pré-processamento (desenvolvimento da malha computacional, a partir da geometria tridimensional real), processamento (definição das condições de contorno, escolha e resolução modelos hidrodinâmicos em ambiente de simulação FlowSimulation) e pós-processamento (obtenção dos perfis de velocidade, inclinação da aleta, variação da temperatura e pressão). Os resultados mostraram que no escoamento ascendente, a aleta irá se deslocar quando a velocidade do fluido superar 0,04 m/s. Verificou-se também, que elevações significativas de temperatura (>60ºC), podem estar associadas a falhasgraves, levando a combustão do óleo isolante, acarretando velocidades maiores ou iguais a 2 m/s, resultando na inclinação máxima da aleta (36,5º). Em relação ao escoamento descendente, observou-se uma pequena perda de carga no sistema, equivalente a 2,84 kPa, provocado pela redução na temperatura do óleo.

The objective of this research was to use a prototype of fixed-bed columns packed with crushed seeds of Moringa oleifera to detect the best adsorption of chemical elements present in the desalinator reject. The column was adapted to the prototype container containing 200 liters of reject.The extract was collected every five minutes until 60 minutes, resulting in 12 samples where pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl were determined. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the F test, with a 95% confidence interval. It was found through laboratory tests that Moringa seeds were effective in the adsorption of sodium, calcium, magnesium and chloride with five minutes of contact of desalination reject with Moringa oleifera crushed seeds with husks.