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The conduction cooled high-temperature superconductor (HTS) SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage) was operated in cryogenic temperature and high vacuum conditions. Thus, the insulation design at the conditions is an important element that should be established to accomplish compact design is a big advantage of HTS SMES. However, the behaviors of insulators for the conditions are virtually unknown. Therefore, we need to researches and development of insulation concerning application of the conduction cooled HTS SMES. In this study, we experimented on insulation characteristics of SMES system. Also, we investigated about insulation characteristics of suitable materials to insulator for conduction cooled HTS SMES. As these results, we had basic data for insulation materials selection and insulation design of cryocooler-to-magnet coil for the development of 600 kJ class conduction cooled HTS SMES.Index Terms-Electric breakdown, flashover, HTS SMES, vacuum insulation.