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Growing grid complexity and loading are increasing the risk of cascading failures and large-scale blackouts. Traditional reliability enhancement technologies offer only incremental improvements. Emerging technologies are limited by their complexity, and need for extensive real time analyses. A better solution is to segment the grid into ac sectors interconnected by HVDC links. In a segmented system simple preset HVDC controls respond to disturbances without assistance from operators or central control. Further, transfer capability is increased when intra-sector spinning reserve responds to frequency decay. Efficient market operation and management are enabled by the controllability of power flows between grid sectors.

Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, conducts the Utility Battery Storage Systems Program, which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Management. As a part of this program, four utility-specific systems studies were conducted to identify potential battery energy storage applications within each utility network and estimate the related benefits. This report contains the results of these systems studies.

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