The Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine” defines the legal basis for the organization, protection, effective use and reproduction of natural complexes and objects that can be included in those that have a special nature protection, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value. They are selected for the purpose of preserving the natural diversity of landscapes, the gene pool of animal and plant life. These include a number of original hydrological objects of Podillia, especially anthropogenic water landscapes, which in the structure of modern anthropogenic landscapes occupy only 1.7%. For a long time, man influenced the nature of river valleys and their channels, which led to their transformation into anthropogenic ones (original and unique aquatic anthropogenic landscape complexes that require further research, protection and bequest). Aquatic anthropogenic protected objects were formed as a result of human economic activity and have a special scientific and aesthetic value and require immediate protection and preservation (milling complexes, reservoirs of garden and park ensembles, pits, waterfalls, and others). In the future, the problem of degradation of the water landscapes of the Podillia river basins due to the aridization of the climate and anthropogenic influence may become quite acute. Therefore, the creation of protected water bodies is currently an important issue. The issue of nature protection of the river valleys of Podillia (especially the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers) has always been quite acute. So, now there are 135 protected objects with an area of 14,908.09 hectares in the basin of the South Bug River within Podillia. Currently, natural water landscape complexes do not have a significant distribution, therefore the main perspective of the formation of the natural reserve fund of the region belongs to anthropogenic ones. Today, such opportunities exist in river basins (beds, floodplains, floodplain terraces, watersheds), as well as in places of mineral extraction (abandoned granite, limestone, clay and sand quarries).

Анотація. Метою статті є аналіз якості води річки Південний Буг в умовах зростаючого антропогенного навантаження, що проводився в межах Вінницької області на основі відібраних проб. Автором проведена характеристика основних причин антропогенного впливу на головну водну артерію Вінницької області, що відображають сучасний стан якості води Південного Бугу. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на проведенні загальнонаукових (аналізу, синтезу, порівняння) та статистичному аналізі рядів спостережень за елементами хімічного складу води, аналізу та узагальнення отриманих результатів досліджень. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у тому, що, використовуючи методи сучасних досліджень, автор аналізує вплив антропогенних чинників на річку Південний Буг в межах Вінницької області, визначивши стан якості води і придатність її для різних видів водокористування. Висновки. Основні проблеми, що негативно впливають на якість води річки Південний Буг, виникають в результаті невідповідного очищення побутових стічних вод, слабкого контролю за скиданням промислових стічних вод, втрати і руйнування водозбірних площ, нераціонального розміщення промислових підприємств, збезлісення та нераціональних методів ведення сільського господарства. Промислове і сільськогосподарське навантаження на екосистеми річок і на навколишнє середовище загалом постійно зростає, особливо в останні десятиріччя. Отримані результати гідрохімічних показників вимірювань свідчать про забруднення води річки Південний Буг нітратами, нітритами, органічними сполуками та фосфатами. Але загалом якість води по більшості хімічних показників безпечна і може бути використана для культурно-побутових та господарсько-питних потреб.

Purpose. To determine the recreational potential of the regional landscape park "Murafa" and to develop an algorithm of actions to increase its suitability for health, recreation and tourism. Methods. Field, cartographic, statistical, system, analytical. Results. It was determined that for the improvement and development of the functional-spatial network of objects and territories of the Eastern Podillia nature reserve fund, the existing four regional landscape parks "Murafa", "Dniester", "Middle Pobuzhya" and "Nemyrivske Pobuzhzhya" can serve as "recreational core", they make up 0.69% of the total area of the region and 30.2% of the total area of its natural reserve fund. The orographic, climatic, hydrological, landscape and aesthetic conditions were analyzed, as well as the level of accessibility of the RLP "Murafa" for the population and the development of transport and recreational infrastructure, the recreational potential of the territory was calculated. It was established that it is at the level of 57% - the potential of an average level for recreation. Conclusions. For the full scale development of recreational activities on the territory of the RLP "Murafa", it is necessary to take into account the organization of tourist and recreational activities, as well as the protection of natural and cultural values that complement active recreation. It is necessary to take a set of measures to prevent and reduce the anthropogenic pressure on the components of the environment and various types of ecosystems.

«Sustainable Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2030» provides for the introduction of effective and scientifically sound methods of agricultural production, which would contribute to the preservation of agro-ecosystems, increase their adaptive capacity to withstand climate change (adverse weather events, droughts, floods), improve environmental lands and soils. However, without the balance of the territorial organization of the state of agricultural landscapes it is impossible to achieve this goal. We analyzed the balance of the territorial organization of modern agricultural landscapes of Eastern Podillya, which is 4.4% of the total area of Ukraine, where the share of the region in total agricultural production is 12.3%. Currently, the main destabilizing factors of agricultural land in the structure of agricultural landscapes of Eastern Podillya are: high plowing of agricultural land (average in the region is 75.2%), low level of humus in soils (2.7%), insufficient levels of nutrients (nitrogen 82.0 mg/kg, phosphorus 83.5 mg/kg, potassium 109.9 mg/kg), practically no crop rotations (53% are occupied by cereals and legumes, 32% by industrial crops, 8% by potatoes and vegetables). According to our calculations, it has been established that part of the land of district communities belongs to the ecologically unstable or stably unstable category of land. The lowest level of environmental stability is observed in the central and south-eastern communities. For further balanced development of agrolandscapes of the East Podolsk region, scientific-theoretical and practical approaches to the functioning of agroecosystems are substantiated and a set of measures to comply with the environmentally friendly state of agricultural land use is proposed. The priority areas of balan­cing the territorial organization of agro-landscapes of the region and improving their ecological condition are measures of regulatory, institutional, technical and economic and organizational and land management. Observance of these measures will provide an opportunity to use significant reserves to increase agricultural production, ensure significant «rehabilitation» of agricultural landscapes and improve the living conditions of the rural population.

Given the physical and geographical location, unique biotic and landscape diversity, favorable hydroclimatic conditions and availability of recreational resources, we note the active development of the tourism industry in the single national nature park (NNP) «Karmeliukove Podillia» within the Eastern Podillia region. Tourism here is represented by different areas: excursions, recreation, ethnic, sports, religious, environmental, rural (green) and others. The territory of NNP «Karmeliukove Podillia» has a significant recreational potential, which is expressed in the combination of resources and conditions for its development in various sectors of economic activity. The potential of the park is realized through social needs, which manifest themselves in the form of different types of nature management, depending on resource availability and development conditions, structure and nature of social needs, different types of existing habitats, functional zones and sizes. Therefore, the recreational potential of the functional areas of the park is one of the priorities of its sustainable development. In view of the above, we calculated the recreational potential of NNP «Karmeliukove Podillia». In the analysis of which a tribal rating scale was used, where various factors were assessed as favorable for the development of a particular type of recreation (3 points), relatively favorable (2 points) and unfavorable (1 point). The method of determining the recreational potential of the park was aimed at defining the potential of outdoor recreation using the proposed mathematical formula, which included biotic and landscape diversity, favorable climatic and hydrological conditions, infrastructure development, recreation facilities and the impact of negative natural and man-made factors