No abstract

Based on scientific, methodological and practical principles and approaches, the scheme of Eastern Podilia ecological network, which forms a part of the pan-European ecological network, was developed. Different types of its structural elements, such as key, connecting, buffer and rehabilitating territories were distinguished, their geographic confinement, area and status were determined. Typical plant groups, which are the basis for formation of biogeocenotic cover of the key territories (biocentres), were defined. The results of the research show that the ecological network of the region is formed by 24 key, 16 connecting and 60 rehabilitating territories. Currently, the number and area of buffer zones that are established around key and connecting territories is being clarified. The total area of structural elements of the ecological network of Eastern Podilia (key, connecting and rehabilitating territories) is 884,087.53 ha, which makes 33.37% of the total area of the region. It should be noted that world experience determines the biological balance of territories only if at least 60% of natural Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 2018/74/3 56 ecosystems are present. Therefore, the ecological network of the region still needs substantial improvement and scientifically grounded implementation.

The Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine” defines the legal basis for the organization, protection, effective use and reproduction of natural complexes and objects that can be included in those that have a special nature protection, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value. They are selected for the purpose of preserving the natural diversity of landscapes, the gene pool of animal and plant life. These include a number of original hydrological objects of Podillia, especially anthropogenic water landscapes, which in the structure of modern anthropogenic landscapes occupy only 1.7%. For a long time, man influenced the nature of river valleys and their channels, which led to their transformation into anthropogenic ones (original and unique aquatic anthropogenic landscape complexes that require further research, protection and bequest). Aquatic anthropogenic protected objects were formed as a result of human economic activity and have a special scientific and aesthetic value and require immediate protection and preservation (milling complexes, reservoirs of garden and park ensembles, pits, waterfalls, and others). In the future, the problem of degradation of the water landscapes of the Podillia river basins due to the aridization of the climate and anthropogenic influence may become quite acute. Therefore, the creation of protected water bodies is currently an important issue. The issue of nature protection of the river valleys of Podillia (especially the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers) has always been quite acute. So, now there are 135 protected objects with an area of 14,908.09 hectares in the basin of the South Bug River within Podillia. Currently, natural water landscape complexes do not have a significant distribution, therefore the main perspective of the formation of the natural reserve fund of the region belongs to anthropogenic ones. Today, such opportunities exist in river basins (beds, floodplains, floodplain terraces, watersheds), as well as in places of mineral extraction (abandoned granite, limestone, clay and sand quarries).

No abstract

Based on comprehensive environmental monitoring, geobotanical, zoogeographical, landscape-ecological, hydro-ecological, forest-typological, agroecological principles and approaches and own field research, it is proposed to expand the area of the national natural park (NNP) «Karmelyukove Podillya» within Vinnytsia region. The general ecological and geographical characteristics of the park from the standpoint of physical-geographical and geobotanical zoning are given. It is shown which objects of the nature reserve fund (NRF) are parts of the park. The structural elements of the ecological network of the park have been identified (natural cores: 1 — Britavske; 2 — Chervonohreblyanske; 3 — Verbske; 4 — Bondurivske; 5 — Kurenivske; 6 — Novoukrainske; 7 — Lubomyrkivske as well as regenerative territories: 1 — Novoukrainska; 2 — Verbska; 3 — Stratiyivska; 4 — Bondurivska; 5 — Luzhska; 6 — Chervonohreblyanska), functional zoning of its territory was carried out, where representative and rare ecosystems are taken into account. The functional zoning of the NNP territory is shown, where typical, representative and rare ecosystems are taken into account. The necessity of changing the regime of the territory of the tract «Stratiyivska Dacha» in quarters 72, 74–75 on the area of 641 ha from the economic zone to the zone of regulated recreation is substantiated. The need to include in the park with the right of permanent use of the tract «Vyshenka», an area of 47.7 hectares, located within the Chechelnytsia village council as a holistic natural complex, represented by unique landscapes of different types of ecosystems, including forest, meadow-steppe and water-wamps. This area is characterized by 8 habitats with valuable associations of plant groups, which include 15 regionally rare species and 9 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, home to more than 50 species of animals with international and national sozological status. In general, it is advisable to transfer other territories to the NNP for permanent use: ornithological reserve of local significance «Stavky» — 6.9 ha; lands of historical and cultural purpose — 17.3 hectares; forest reserve land — 7.7 hectares; agricultural land — 25.5 hectares; shrubs, reserve land — 7.3 hectares. The total area of these plots is 64.7 hectares, which together with the tract «Vyshenka» will be 112.4 hectares. The inclusion of these areas in the park will preserve representative landscapes with diverse flora and fauna, rational use of recreational potential, promote eco-tourism, sport hunting and fishing, introduce permanent nature education, conservation and environmental education, create new jobs for the population and will maintain the established regime of park protection and engage in organic farming. Currently, the park needs to conduct scientific activities, develop various types of ecological tourism — hiking, biking, equestrian, water, health, historical and cultural, to develop ecological and educational trails, and increase the ecological and educational level of the local population, in the economic zone to engage in organic farming. At present, this work should be aimed at reviving folk traditions in the field of nature protection and forming a caring attitude to the nature of the native land.