Introduction. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered to be the most informative radiographic method for pre- and postoperative analysis of the maxillary anatomy and for avoiding further complication. Canalis sinuosus is one of such structures that damage can go along with bleeding and neurological symptomatology. The aim of the study was to investigate radiological and morphometric features of the canalis sinuosus in Russian population using CBCT technique. Materials and Methods. 150 CBCT scans of 61 males and 89 females aged from 24 to 80 years were retrospectively studied with different slice thickness and evaluated with regards to prevalence and diameter among age and gender groups in Russia. Results. CS prevalence in this study was 67%, and CS was most frequently presented in the lateral incisor region (33.5%). Women showed statistically higher CS prevalence (p<0.01) than the male group, and there was no statistically significant difference observed between occurrence and localization of CS and age groups. Conclusion. CBCT examination demonstrated good diagnostic efficiency in CS visualization, and the CS may have variations on its location and prevalence with statistically significant differences between the gender group and without significant differences among age groups and can depend on the population.

Background: Numerous studies have shown an effect of rapidly spreading SARS-COV-2 on combined anxiety-depressive disorders and maladjustment syndrome occurrences. Objective: To determine the primary medical students’ reactive anxiety level and the final scores of their educational progress in distance learning during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study involved 824 students at medical universities in Saratov and Moscow. The assessment of the reactive anxiety level was carried out according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI; the average score of students' academic performance was calculated according to the data of the technological platform "1C: Enterprise" version 8.4.1. The survey was completed during distance learning in May 2020. The quality of distance learning was compared to a similar score for 2019, when students were trained in a traditional way. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistica 6.0. Results: It was shown the presence of moderately severe disorders among the primary medical students according to the average score of reactive anxiety (43.28 ± 12.85), that expressed more in females s (p<0.05), After distance learning, lasting 25% of the whole course, the overall performance score in theoretical knowledge did not change significantly (p>0.05) but the practical skills suffered much especially in time trend (p<0.05). Novelty: It was found that a high level of the reactive anxiety negatively affects the students' adaptive capabilities and the education quality. The specificity of programs at different faculties can determine the state of the students' psychological status. Findings:Timely transition to online classes during pandemics helps to preserve the students' mental well-being and the quality of the educational process. The duration of distance learning for a practical course should not exceed 25% of the whole course. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-07 Full Text: PDF

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The aim of our research was to analyze and compare different inferior alveolar nerve blocking techniques and the effectiveness of various guiding devices. Methods: A search was conducted on specialized databases for search and selection of works in which a guiding device for lower alveolar nerve block (IANB) was described. The propriated articles were evaluated and selected in 3 stages for final review based on predefined criteria, followed by a critical evaluation stage. As the research result - various types of IANB guide devices and the results of its using were recorded and analyzed. Results: The systematic review of devices for conducting IANB was done. The success of IANB can be achieved by adjusting the syringe with the anesthetic needle trajectory — it increased the probability of a successful hit in the area of the mandible foramen. Examples of devices in which the syringe is fixed at the moment when the tip of the needle is injected into the medial side of the branch of the lower alveolar nerve are considered. And also, the special techniques based on orientation on the soft tissues are described. However, when creating a device of this type, the following factors must be taken into account: the angle of the needle to the insertion point, the position of the insertion point relative to the anatomical landmarks (taking into account individual characteristics), and the insertion depth. Also, other IANB guiding blockade methods are considered: 3D navigation while local anesthetic injection. Thus, the patient's discomfort, the risk of nerve damage and the risk of unsuccessful mandible anesthesia could be minimized. Conclusion: The advantages and disadvantages of these anesthesia methods, the success rate, and patient comfort were analyzed. Prospects for further research in this area were identified.

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