Two pot experiments were performed in the Experimental Farm, Soils and Water Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt during two successive winter seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020). The main objective is to evaluate the effect of four addition levels of farmyard manure (FYM) (0, 10, 20 and 30 g/Kg of soil) combined with acid producing bacteria (APB) + molasses, yeast + molasses or their mixture on improving the chemical properties of a calcareous sandy soils and enhancing wheat growth. The results showed that, the results showed that with the increasing added level of FYM the soil pH and CaCO3 content were decreased and the soil EC, OM, total N and available P and K were increased. In addition, plant dry matter, N, P and K uptakes and use efficiencies were increased. Also, the application of APB + molasses, yeast+ molasses or their mixture with (FYM) were more effective than adding FYM alone in the improvement of calcareous soil properties and enhancement of wheat growth. It could be concluded that the best treatment in improving the calcareous sandy soil properties and increasing wheat growth, nutrients uptake and use efficiencies was the treatment of FYM with APB + yeast+ molasses especially when FYM was applied ate level 30 g/kg soil.

The study included two incubation experiments to test the efficiency of Bacillus megathirum, Bacillus polymyxa, and Trichoderma harzianum in their ability to release phosphorus from rock phosphate. In addition, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of bio-enriched rock phosphate as phosphate fertilizer and its effect on some soil chemical properties and phosphorus availability as well as growth and nutrient uptake of the wheat plant during growth season (winter 2021/22022). Results showed that, liquid medium inoculation by the three different microbials strains under study improved P release from rock phosphate compared to the uninoculated treatment (control). Also, the highest values of available phosphorus were recorded with isolating Bacillus polymyxa+Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megathirum+ Trichoderma harzianum in most of the incubation periods. Moreover, applying rock phosphate bioenriched by Bacillus polymyxa+Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus megathirum+ Trichoderma harzianum resulted in enhancing available soil phosphorus, plant height, root lengths, dry matter as well as N, P and K uptake of wheat plants compared to the other treatments. Also, in most treatments, all previous measurements were enhanced by applying bio-enriched rock phosphate at the level of 1.2 ton ha -1 compared to the same biological treatments at the level 2.4 ton ha -1 and Superphosphate treatment. Hence, it was concluded that bio-enriched rock phosphate by Bacillus polymyxa + Trichoderma harzianum or Bacillus megathirum+ Trichoderma harzianum before direct application to the soil enhanced the release of P from rock phosphate and proved to be a suitable approach to use rock phosphate.

Liquid organic fertilizers are organic solutions that are a valuable choice for sustainable agriculture. In addition, these organic forms play a significant role, in integrated waste management strategies. In this study, a one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and principal component analysis were performed on all traits, to compare the responses of sole application of compost, compost tea, vermicompost tea and their combinations on growth, yield of Allium cepa and on soil properties. The results showed that, in most cases with fertilizers treatments, the soil pH, CaCO3 and bulk density were decreased, while soil organic matter, total N, available P and K were increased. A mixture of 50% compost, 25% compost tea, and 25% vermicompost had more desirable effect on plant height, leaves number, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight. Therefore, application of 50% compost tea and 50% vermicompost tea, it is possible to achieve an acceptable total bulb yield ton/ha, total soluble solids %, and dry matter %. While, available P, K in soil and P % in plant were raised when plants treated with teas sole or combined with compost 50%. Using a mixture of 50% compost, 25% compost tea, and 25% vermicompost tea, was a higher nutrient concentration and had a significant impact on onion plants productivity, and on soil properties.

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical fractionation and mobility of Cu, Cd and Pb in some soil irrigated with sewage water in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt. Sequential extraction results showed that in the treated soil, a major proportion of Cu, Pb, and Cd was associated with poorly crystalline iron oxide bound (PCFeOX), crystalline iron oxideoccluded (CFeOX) and a major proportion of Cu, Pb and Cd was associated with residual (RES) fractions. Based on relative percent. the results also show that The non-labile Cu, Cd and Pb in the nonirrigated soil partially transformed to the potentially labile Cu due to the irrigation with sewage water Also, a part of the readily labile and potentially labile Cu, Cd and Pb of the sewage water irrigated soils for short time transformed to the non-labile fraction with irrigation with same water for a long time. Higher mobility of metals in the soils irrigated with sewage water for short time represent a potential hazard for the redistribution and translocation of these metals into the food chain and leach to ground water.

The present Preliminary experiments were conducted to examine the efficiency of different rates of some bio stimulate substances and local salinity adapted bacterial inoculants to facilitate wheat growth. Different doses of each biostimulate substances (s) were tested. Humic acid rates (0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg humic acid /fed), biofertilization treatment (most salinity adapted Azotobacter local isolates) and yeast extract soil treatment (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g / L) were examined for their effects on wheat plants growth. This experiment was conducted in the green house of agricultural experimental farm of department of soils and water, faculty of agricultural, south valley university-Qena governorate, Egypt. The growth parameters data showed that application of humic acid rates (4 and 5 kg humic acid/fed), biofertilization treatment (most salinity adapted Azotobacter local isolate A), yeast extract soil treatment (3 and 4 g / L) produced the highest significant parameters of the wheat plants; for the fresh and dry weight of shoot and root system. Increasing humic acid levels from 4 and 5 kg humic acid/fed did not recorded significant increases in all studied parameters. Also, increasing yeast extract levels as a soil treatment from (3 and 4 g / L) did not recorded significant increases in all studied parameters. The obtained results were clearly showed the promotion effects on growth parameters of wheat plants and the most efficient doses were selected for later use in the assessment experiment productivity of wheat plants.