seasons to study the effect of planting systems (manual sowing and mechanical transplanting), plant densities (46000, 35000 and 28000 plants/fed) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (40, 60 and 80 kg N/fed) on yield and its components as well as quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. Plino. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 1-Mechanical transplanting system of sugar beet significantly surpassed the traditional sowing method (manual) in all studied characters and resulted in the highest values in both seasons. 2-Sowing sugar beet plants with low density (28000 plants/fed) recorded the highest values of root length and diameter, root and top fresh weights and TSS % in both seasons. While, sowing sugar beet plants with high density (46000 plants/fed) resulted in the highest values of sucrose and apparent purity percentages in both seasons. However, the highest yields of root and sugar were achieved as a result of sowing sugar beet with intermediate density (35000 plants/fed) in both seasons. 3-Fertilizing sugar beet plants with 80 kg N/fed significantly increased yields and its components as well as TSS % and markedly recorded the highest values in both seasons. Nitrogen fertilizer at the level of 60 kg N/fed produced the highest values of sucrose and apparent juice purity percentages in both seasons. From the obtained results in this study, it can be concluded that sowing sugar beet using mechanical transplanting system with intermediate density (35000 plants/fed) and mineral fertilizing with 80 kg N/fed could be recommended in order to maximize its productivity and quality under the environmental conditions of Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.

Two field experiments were carried out at Kafr El-Hamam Research Station, Zagazig district, Sharkia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center during 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons to study the effect of biofertilization treatments (control, microbin, rhizobacterin, phosphorin and their interactions) and mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/fed) on yield and quality of sugar beet cv. Plino. The main findings of this investigation could be summarized as follows: 1-Application the mixture of Microbeen + Rhizobacterin+ Phosphorien produced the highest values of all studied characters in both growing seasons as compared with using each bio-fertilizer alone. It was followed by application the mixture of Microbeen + Rhizobacterin then application the mixture of Rhizobacterin + Phosphorien in the two growing seasons. 2-Fertilizing sugar beet plants with 120 kg N/fed produced the highest values of root length and diameter, root and foliage fresh weights, TSS %, root and sugar yields/fed in the two seasons. However, the highest means of sucrose % and apparent purity % were resulted from control treatment (0 kg N/fed) in the two growing seasons. 3-The interaction between both studied factors had a significant effect on all studied characters in the two growing seasons. Generally, it could be concluded that application the mixture of Microbeen + Rhizobacterin + Phosphorien as biofertilizers and adding 120 kg N/fed as a mineral fertilization for maximizing sugar beet productivity under the environmental conditions of Zagazig district,.

In order to study the effect of foliar spraying times and levels of yeast extract and boron on productivity and quality of sugar beet cv. Hossam, a field experiment was carried out at Kalabsho Experimental Farm (sandy soil), Dakahlia Governorate, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, in two successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Two experiment trails were laid-out in strip-split plot design with four replications. The vertical-plots were assigned with times of foliar application with yeast extract and boron (after 75 and 90 days from sowing). The horizontal-plots were occupied with foliar spraying with yeast extract levels i.e. without spraying (control treatment), spraying with 2, 4 and 6 g yeast/liter. The sub-plots were allocated to foliar spraying with boron levels (control, 100 and 200 mg boron/liter). The results showed that delaying spraying sugar beet plants with yeast extract and boron from 75 up to 90 days from sowing resulted in gradual and significant increases and recorded the highest value for each of root and top fresh and dry weights/plant, root dimensions, purity and sucrose percentages, root and sugar yields/fad., as well as the decrease in the values of sodium, potassium and α-amino nitrogen percentages of sugar beet juice. The best results of yield components, root juice quality parameters and yields were resulted from foliar spraying sugar beet plants with yeast extract at the rate of 6 g/liter in both seasons. The highest values of all aforementioned yield components, root juice quality parameters and yields were obtained as a result of spraying sugar beet plants with 200 mg boron/liter in both seasons. It can be recommended that spraying sugar beet plants after 90 days from sowing with 6 g yeast extract and 200 mg boron/liter to maximize sugar beet productivity and quality under the environmental conditions of sandy soils.

Two field experiments were planted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons in the experimental farm of Sugar Crops Research Institute at sakha kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. Split plot design was used in both seasons, main plots were contained nitrogen and potassium fertilizers levels (75, 90 kg N and 24, 48 kg K2O and combinations between them). Whereas, four plant distribution patterns were distributed in sub-plots (20 x 50 cm, 15 x 66 cm, 25 x 40 cm and 30 x 33 cm). Results obtained indicated that maximum root fresh weight, root and sugar yields were obtained when sugar beet was fertilized with high nitrogen and potassium levels (90 kg N and 48 kg K2O/fed) and gave (2.430, 2.520 kg/plant; 36.41, 37.13 ton/fed and 6.47, 6.63 ton/fed) in both seasons, respectively. Whereas, the highest sucrose and total soluble solids and purity percentages were obtained with the lowest nitrogen level (75 kg N/fed.) and with the highest K levels (48 kg/fed.). On the other direction, all these best results were obtained with plant distribution patterns (20 x 50 cm), the space between hills and between ridges. These were true in both seasons. The highest nitrogen and potassium levels surprised the other levels because nitrogen and potassium encourage vegetative growth and increased sucrose accumulation in cells, whereas, patterns (20 x 50 cm) gave good growth by good leaf area which resulted from giving a good chance to plant to take sufficient sunlight which produced maximum carbohydrates and accumulation sucrose in roots.

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