Two field experiments were planted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons in the experimental farm of Sugar Crops Research Institute at sakha kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. Split plot design was used in both seasons, main plots were contained nitrogen and potassium fertilizers levels (75, 90 kg N and 24, 48 kg K2O and combinations between them). Whereas, four plant distribution patterns were distributed in sub-plots (20 x 50 cm, 15 x 66 cm, 25 x 40 cm and 30 x 33 cm). Results obtained indicated that maximum root fresh weight, root and sugar yields were obtained when sugar beet was fertilized with high nitrogen and potassium levels (90 kg N and 48 kg K2O/fed) and gave (2.430, 2.520 kg/plant; 36.41, 37.13 ton/fed and 6.47, 6.63 ton/fed) in both seasons, respectively. Whereas, the highest sucrose and total soluble solids and purity percentages were obtained with the lowest nitrogen level (75 kg N/fed.) and with the highest K levels (48 kg/fed.). On the other direction, all these best results were obtained with plant distribution patterns (20 x 50 cm), the space between hills and between ridges. These were true in both seasons. The highest nitrogen and potassium levels surprised the other levels because nitrogen and potassium encourage vegetative growth and increased sucrose accumulation in cells, whereas, patterns (20 x 50 cm) gave good growth by good leaf area which resulted from giving a good chance to plant to take sufficient sunlight which produced maximum carbohydrates and accumulation sucrose in roots.

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agric. Res.. Station farm at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during consecutive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to study some morphological and chemical characters inducing from salinity from irrigation by water have salinity (0, 7500 and 10000 ppm) in addition, nitrogen levels (20 and 30 kg N/fed) and potassium levels (24 and 48 kg N/fed.). All mentioned factors were collected in complete randomized block design in three replications.Final results were pointed out that significant increase in all characters under study were observed resulted from decreasing salinity lowing less than (10000ppm) and increased nitrogen rate up to 30 kg/fed. and increased potassium dose up to 48 kg K2O/fad in both seasons. On the opposite direction, the same trend was found when salinity rate decreased than 10000 to control (without salinity and without nitrogen or potassium fertilization). This was true in both seasons. All values of all traits were increased with the 1 st and 2 nd cuts and decreased in 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th cuts. These results due to bad effect of high salinity on absorption of elements and osmotic effect on absorption of water which affected on plant growth and stevioside content of leaves. Whereas, decreased of characters values in cut 3, 4 and 5 due to decreased in temperature degree in these periods.Finally ,we concluded that the highest values for the mentioned characters under study were optained resulted from treatments 7500ppm salinity, 30 kgN/cut and 48 kg k2o/fad .for stevia plants.

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A field experiment was conducted during two winter seasons 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 at El-HamulDistrict, Kafr El-Shiek Governorate, Egypt, to study and evaluate the effect of mole drains (2 and 4 m spacing between the ploughed lines and 60 cm depth) and applied N-fertilizer rates (100 N, 115 N and 130 N % from the recommended) + 3 ton/fed. of gypsum before cultivation on improving some soil physio-chemical properties and sugar beet production in heavy clay salt affected soil.Data showed that: Application of mole drainsseem to be more effective in decreasing soil salinity and sodcity especially, in the top soil (0-60cm) and narrow spacing between the ploughed lines (2m). The reduction of soil salinity (0-60cm) were 21.11, 21.44, 17.04, 11.74, 11.17 and 10.95 % after the first season and 31. 26, 31.37, 34.54, 12.34, 17.44 and 20.05% after the second season for treatment of 2m spacing + 100% N, 2m spacing + 115% N, 2m spacing + 130% N, 4m + 100% N, 4m spacing + 115% N, 4m spacing + 130% N, respectively than control. The corresponding values of ESP were 13.56, 13.90, 13.22, 4.56, 12.25 and 11.85% after the first season and 18. 81, 18.75, 19.38, 10.57, 15.74 and 16.93% after the second season respectively.Mole drains and gypsum seemed to be more effective on increasing Ca ++ /TSS ratio in the topsoil up to 60cm.Mole drainsapplication was reduced bulk density and penetration resistance of the soil.Narrow spacing is superior to wider spacing in reducing bulk density and penetration resistance of the soil.Basic infiltration rates before treatments application was 0.61 cm/hr while, after application varied from 1.56 to 1.85 cm/hr. Narrow spacing is superior to wider spacing in increasing basic infiltration rate. While, no obvious different between bulk density, penetration resistanceand basic infiltration values under N-fertilizerrates treatments.All moles drains treatments caused to significant increase in root and sugar yields in both seasons compared to control treatments. Root yield significant increased than control by 5. 65, 6.98, 7.38, 5.02, 6.71 and 7.37 ton/fed. In the first season and 4. 87, 6.53, 6.67, 4.70, 6.14 and 6.73 ton/fed. in the second season. In the same time sugar yield increased than control by 0.94, 1.15, 1.17, 0.82, 1.09 and 1.16 ton/fed. In the first season while at the second season the increase were 0.80, 1.07, 1.09, 0.87 and 1.01 ton/fed. On the other side quality % recorded the highest value with control (81.48 and 81.22%) in both seasons compared to other mole drains applications which recorded the lowest ones. 221The lowest values of N-uptake (35.20 to 36.44 kg.fed -1 ) were found with control, and the highest ones (44.10 to 55.38 kgfed -1 ) were found with treatments in both seasons.The low values of impurities (K, Na andAlfa-amino -N) in sugar beet roots were found with treatments compared to the control.Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.

Two field experiments were laid out at El-Bakatoush Village, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons to study the effect of two ridge width (40 and 50 cm), three hill distances (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 30 and 45 kg N/fed/cut) as well as their interactions on growth, yield and quality of stevia plant (Stevia relebaudiana Bertoni) c. v. Spanti. The experiments were laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. The obtained results showed that plants sown on narrow ridge (40 cm) gave the highest values of leaf area index per plant, leaves dry weight cut/feddan, stevioside percentage at all cuts, total leaves dry weight per feddan and stevioside yield per feddan in both seasons. On the other hand, ridge width at 50 cm gave the highest number of leaves per plant at all cuts in both seasons. The closer hill spacing (15 cm apart) exceeded the middl and widest hill spacing at (20 and 25 cm which) in all previously mentioned traits, except number of leaves per plant was higher at the wider hill spacing (25 cm apart) at all cuts in both seasons. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates up to 45 kg N/fed/cut increased values of all studied characters at all cuts in both seasons. Planting stevia plants on ridging width 40 cm and hill distance 15 cm gave the highest values of all studied characters at all cuts in both seasons, except number of leaves per plant. Planting stevia plants on narrow ridge (40 cm) and fertilized with 45 kg N/fed/cut gave the highest averages of all studied characters at all cuts in both seasons, except number of leaves per plant was highest with 50 cm ridge width and 45 kg N/fed/cut. Plants having the close hill (15 cm) and fertilized by 45 kg N/fed/cut gave the highest values of all studied parameters except, number of leaves in both seasons. The highest total leaves dry weight per feddan and stevioside yield per feddan was recorded by sowing plants on narrow ridge (40 cm) and closer hill (15 cm) as well as fertilized by 45 kg N/fed/cut in both seasons.