Optical waveguides have been obtained by field-assisted Cu(+)-Na(+) exchanged on glass. The refractive index profiles of the waveguides are determined by means of the prism-coupling technique and Chiang's method [J. Lightwave Technol. LT-3, 385 (1985)], and they correlate with the index profile calculated as a function of the glass composition. The composition profile is examined with the aid of a scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and the diffusion process is explained by the one-dimensional diffusion equation.

Amorphous selenium films were produced by vacuum evaporation onto glass and aluminum substrates. The chemical composition of the films and interfaces were studied using scanning Auger electron spectroscopy. To gain some insight into the optical properties of the selenium films, we used the classical oscillator model to fit the transmittance spectrum.

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