The limited amount of freshwater is the most important challenge facing Egypt due to increasing population and climate change. The objective of this study was to investigate how climatic change affects the winter potato water footprint at the Nile Delta covering 10 governorates from 1990 to 2016. Winter potato evapotranspiration (ETC) was calculated based on daily climate variables of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, wind speed and relative humidity during the growing season (October–February). The Mann–Kendall test was applied to determine the trend of climatic variables, crop evapotranspiration and water footprint. The results showed that the highest precipitation values were registered in the northwest governorates (Alexandria followed by Kafr El-Sheikh). The potato water footprint decreased from 170 m3 ton−1 in 1990 to 120 m3 ton−1 in 2016. The blue-water footprint contributed more than 75% of the total; the remainder came from the green-water footprint. The findings from this research can help government and policy makers better understand the impact of climate change on potato crop yield and to enhance sustainable water management in Egypt’s major crop-producing regions to alleviate water scarcity.

This study is a laboratory work to use a baffled stabilization pond for dairy wastewater treatment. The ponds consist of a storage tank, a baffled facultative pond and an effluent tank. The dairy wastewater was obtained from dairy research program, National Animal Production Research Project (NAPRP), Abdou Moumouni Dioffo University located in Niger. The pond was loaded for ten different detention periods namely: Three, Six, Nine, Twelve, Fifteen, Eighteen, Twenty one, Twenty four, Twenty seven, and Thirty days. The parameters investigated were the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), phosphate , total solids , nitrate-nitrogen , pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Alkalinity , Bacterial count and chlorophyll a. The results which were the mean of six replicates showed that the baffled facultative pond performed good methods in the removal of the pollutants. The BOD removal efficiency in the baffled facultative pond were 6.

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he current study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitrification device (straw or cryotop) and embryonic stage (4-8 cell or morula stages) on survivability, normality and in vitro embryo development rate into blastocysts/hatched blastocysts.Total of 24 mature rabbit does of Gabali breed (5-6 months of age, 3-3.5 kg live body weight) were used in this study as embryo donors. Rabbit does were superovulated by PMSG and hCG.Embryos at 4-8 cell stage were recovered by flushing oviducts 32-43h post-mating, while, embryos at morula stage were recovered by flushing oviducts 64-66 h post-mating. Embryos were vitrified by straw or cryotop. Survival and normality rates were determined.The vitrified embryos were in vitro cultured for 3-5 days to record blastocyst and hatching blastocyst formation rates. Results showed insignificant differences in survival and normality rates of vitrified embryos as affected by embryonic stage, although there were a tendency of higher rates yielded from embryos at morula than at 4-8 cell stage (87.7 and 89.2% vs. 85.9 and 85.2%, respectively). Survival and normality rates were higher (P<0.05) using cryotop than straw, being 92.1 and 93.1% using cryotop versus 81.7 and 81.0% using straw, respectively. Expansion and hatching rates were higher (P<0.05) for vitrified embryos at morula than at 4-8cell stage (80.0 and 71.5% vs. 66.0 and 54.0%, respectively) and using cryotop than straw (81.6 and 75.3 vs. 63.1 and 48.2%, respectively).The current study could be conclude that using the cryotop method to vitrify rabbit embryos rather than straw method at various developmental stages, particulary at morula stage.

Field experiment was carried out on newly reclaimed sandy soil at Abdul-Moneam Reyad village, Bustan site during wheat growing season of 2012-2013 to asses the response of the grain yield and biological yield of two wheat cultivars ( MISR I & MISR II) under different irrigation treatment and under different of fertilization levels and also to determine of the main effect of studied treatmentson the some yield attributes.The obtained data revealed that, the fertilization treatments improve the productivity of the wheat crop under sprinkler irrigation system as compared with farmer's practice in sandy soil. The obtained results also indicated that, the fertilization treatments significantly effect on both wheat grain yield and biological yield than the irrigation treatments and variety of wheat crops. Also it was observed, the variety MISR II recorded the highest grain yield (2.650 ton/fed.) and biological yield (7.595 ton fed) under irrigated treatment I1 ( 2528 m 3 /fed.) and fertilization level of 120 kg N (F1) over studied treatments. Moreover, it can be concluded that the wheat cultivar( MISR II) is more suitable for sandy soil than cultivar MISR I.