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This research was designed to access the effect of chloroquine a common antimalarial and ascorbic acid a popular antioxidant, on oxidative stress and liver function in animal models, with the aim of applying the research findings to the treatment of some devastating tropical diseases. A total of forty mice comprising of twenty males and females were divided into four groups per sex category and test drugs were administered intra peritoneally (ip) in mono and combined doses to healthy mice. Chloroquine treatment increased all oxidative stress indices with catalase being significant (P<0.05) against control. Significant increases (P<0.05) were also indicated in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in catalase activities in both sexes. Ascorbic acid generally reduced all (P>0.05) assayed stress indices but the reduction was significant (P<0.05) only in female mice as against control. A combined treatment of chloroquine and ascorbic acid did not show any significant decrease and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and SOD, but catalase increased (P<0.05). Increases (P<0.05) were observed in SOD and catalase activities in both male and female mice. The activities of liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined and confirmed using gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity and increases (P<0.05) in the activity of this enzyme were observed in female mice given a combination treatment. This result indicates that ascorbic acid can ameliorate oxidative stress induced during normal aerobic metabolism in mice. Chloroquine and a combination of chloroquine and ascorbic acid treatment can adversely affect GGT in female mice.

Aim: The effect of chloroquine, folic and ascorbic acid on malaria parasite induced oxidative stress was the focus of this study. The study relevance derives from the need to understand the specific roles of these individual organic acids used in combination with chloroquine. Study Design: The design involves five groups of control (non-parasitized-nontreated), parasitized nontreated (PnT), parasitized chloroquine and ascorbic acid treated (Pcq+asT), parasitized chloroquine and folic acid treated (Pcq+faT) and parasitized chloroquine, ascorbic and folic acid treated (Pcq+asT+faT). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Ambrose Alli University (Faculty of Natural Sciences). This study is part of a research that lasted three years. Materials and Methods: Treatment regime was for three days after parasitemia in mice was established with Gemsa stain. All biochemical and haematological parameters assayed for in this project were conducted using standard procedures. Result: Chloroquine and vitamin treatments significantly (P=.05) reduced erythrocyte fragility (EF), total bilirubin and increased packed cell volume (PCV) when compared with PnT parameters of mice. Treatments significantly (P=.05) increased serum albumin compared with control and had no effect on the serum albumin levels of PnT mice. Treatment with cq+asa and cq+as+fa resulted in significant (P=.

This research attempts to examine the effects of ascorbic and folic acid intervention on the haematology, antioxidants molecules and enzymes of mice exposed to malaria infection. The study involves three groups of control (non-parasitized-nontreated), parasitized-nontreated (PnT) and parasitized ascorbic and folic acid treated (P+as+faT). Intervention with ascorbic and folic acids commenced for three days after parasitemia had been established in mice. Results from this study showed that ascorbic and folic acid intervention in malaria condition reduced (P<0.05) total protein, erythrocyte fragility (EF), increased (P<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV) in comparison with PnT and control mice groups. Lipid peroxidation product in serum, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) reduced in parasitized mice administered with ascorbic and folic acid doses, as against those of control, whereas SOD activity in Control and CAT activity in PnT observed to increase and decrease, respectively. The extent of lipid peroxidation in kidney was effectively reduced by ascorbic and folic acid compared to PnT. In liver SOD activity, CAT activity, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity significantly (P<0.05) reduced in P+as+faT as against PnT and control groups. From these observations therefore, we draw the conclusion that ascorbic and folic acids combination in malaria infection may reduce lipid peroxidation and stimulate cellular pathways that enhance the production of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.