tain ranges for a three to five months' period, extending usually from June to October. In the manufacture of material in the leaves and stems of plants, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are important elements which are drawn from the atmosphere and water supply. Even the all-important nitrogen can be taken from the air and fixed in the soil by certain soil i Received for publication May 16, 1932. 2 The experimental work reported in this paper became cooperative with the United States Bureau of Animal Industry July 1, 1929. 3 Professor of Animal Husbandry and Animal Husbandman in the Experiment Station. ' which is very significant in our range situation. Without proper feed supply, our most highly bred animals must revert to scrubs or fail in the struggle for existence. In livestock production such a practice may be likened to placing a highly efficient machine on a task without giving it sufficient fuel. Piper et al., (2) in a comprehensive report on our national forage resources, have discussed the importance of doing more extensive research work on pastures. They showed that 55 per cent of the total land area in the United States is used for grazing even if crop land pastured part of the year is excluded. Certain studies included showed that gains made by cattle on pasture cost, in general, only one-half to one-fourth as much as those made when the animals were fed crops. The following significant statement is quoted from the paper :

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