Water Consumption of Hereford and Brahman Cattle and the Effect of Cooled Drinking Water in a Hot Climate1

Ittner, N. R.; Kelly, C. F.; Guilbert, H. R.

doi:10.2527/jas1951.103742x

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Tree presence in pastures has long been known to provide shade and shelter, and protect animals from heat stress and associated declines in animal performance (Gold et al 2000;Ittner et al 1951). Buffering of pasture microclimatic conditions by the presence of trees has been reported to increase gain, milk yield, and conception rates for cattle or sheep in warm environments (Fike et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture

Karki

Goodman

2009

Agroforest Syst

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Shade present in silvopasture systems could reduce heat stress associated with microclimatic conditions that characterize warm-weather portions of the year on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast USA. Objectives of this research were to:(1) quantify diurnal distribution patterns of landscape use and behavior of cattle in loblolly-pine (Pinus taeda) silvopasture versus open-pasture landscapes, and (2) relate observed differences in landscape use and cattle behavior patterns between the two pastures to differences in microclimatic conditions, and forage quantity and quality. The research was conducted in Chipley, Florida USA within a 5-ha cell of a loblollypine-bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) silvopasture (tree age 20 year), and a 5-ha open bahiagrass pasture with unlimited access to an adjacent 1-ha wooded area. One-day observations of diurnal distribution and behavior of cattle were conducted in March, June, and September 2007; microclimatic conditions were measured, and forage quantity and quality were estimated within each landscape. Cattle utilized the landscape more evenly in the silvopasture versus the open-pasture and this difference was mainly attributed to reduced solar radiation recorded in the silvopasture. Grazing was the dominant behavior in the silvopasture while loafing was dominant in the open-pasture. Shade present in silvopasture appeared to reduce heat stress for cattle grazing during warmweather portions of the year on the Coastal Plain of the Southeast USA. Further study is needed to determine how this reduction in heat stress influences cattle performance in southern-pine silvopasture, and the nature and extent of the interactions among animal distribution and behavior, microclimatic conditions, and forage characteristics in these systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture

Karki

Goodman

2009

Agroforest Syst

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“…Cattle may reduce the effects of high heat load by increasing water consumption. Access to cool drinking water improved weight gain in feedlot cattle in summer [43]. The behavioral changes help in the acclimatization process of animals during a stressful period and can be used to assess the impact of thermal stress in ruminants.…”

Section: Animal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries heifers

Pandey¹,

Hooda²,

Kumar³

2017

Vet World

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Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries (KF) heifers. Materials and Methods:The animals of both the breeds of Tharparkar and KF were exposed at different temperatures and CO 2 levels. Exposure conditions of 25°C, 400 ppm CO 2 level, and 60% relative humidity (RH) were taken as a control condition. The exposure conditions 40°C with two levels of CO 2 500 ppm and 600 ppm with RH 55±5% and exposure conditions 42°C with two levels of CO 2 500 ppm and 600 ppm with RH 55±5% were taken as treatments. The exposure period in each condition was 4 h daily for 5 consecutive days. Results: Physiological responses (respiration rate [RR], pulse rate [PR], and rectal temperature [RT]) were significantly (p<0.01) higher and different during all exposure conditions compared to control condition in both the breeds of cattle. KF heifers had higher RR, PR, and RT than Tharparkar heifers. Hematological parameters, namely, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume were significantly higher and different during all exposure condition than control in both the breeds, whereas no significant changes were observed in total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count. Blood pH increased with increase in temperature and CO 2 levels and was significantly higher than control conditions. PCO 2 and base excess were significantly (p<0.05) lower, and PO 2 was higher during different exposure conditions than control in both breeds. Restlessness and excitement signs were observed in all the exposure conditions as compared to control condition in both the breeds. Conclusion:Changes in physiological responses, behavioral pattern, and hematological parameters reflect the current functional status of the body system, and it can be used as an index for assessing the adaptation capacity of cattle to predict changes occurring in climate variables due to increasing CO 2 levels and environmental temperature.

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“…Solar radiation is often a major contributor to heat stress, particularly in feedlot cattle, which are more susceptible to heat stress as they are more confined than if at pasture and they often consume a high-energy diet (Blackshaw and Blackshaw 1994). Thus, the provision of shade is an important factor that can reduce the radiant heat load on the animal and decrease heat loads (Ittner et al 1951;Blackshaw and Blackshaw 1994). However, the provision of shade is costly and accounts for nearly AU$10 million of the estimated annual losses of approximately $16.5 million in feedlot systems in northern Australia alone (Sackett et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

DiGiacomo¹,

Warner

Leury³

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Dietary betaine supplementation improves water retention in steers and may influence lean-tissue deposition, while also acting as an osmolyte to help regulate cellular osmotic balance. This study investigated the interactions between shade and dietary betaine on carcass characteristics, tissue enzyme activity and gene expression in 48 feedlot steers during summer. Steers were randomly allocated to a 4 · 2 factorial design with the factors being dietary betaine (0, 10, 20 or 40 g) and shade (with and without shade) for 120 days. Tissue samples were obtained at slaughter and analysed for gene expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70/90) and expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Carcasses were evaluated for quality. Carcass weight at slaughter was not altered by shade (P = 0.18) but tended to be increased by dietary betaine (306 v. 314 kg, P = 0.09). The P8 backfat was not altered by shade (P = 0.43) or dietary betaine (P = 0.32), although there was a within dietary betaine effect whereby P8 backfat tended to be greater in steers fed 10 g compared with 40 g betaine/day (17.4 v. 14.5 mm, P = 0.06). Muscle pH at 1 h (5.97 v. 6.03, P = 0.01) and 2 h (5.73 v. 5.80, P = 0.04) post-slaughter was higher in shaded steers, and muscle pH at 1 h post-slaughter was higher in steers fed 10 or 20 g than those fed 40 g betaine/day (6.03 v. 6.03 v. 5.95, P = 0.005). Gene expression was not altered by betaine, while adipose tissues expressed more of each gene than muscle (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of HSF1 and HSP90 was influenced by a shade · betaine interaction, although the direction of this interaction was irregular (P = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Adipose tissue FAS and G6PDH enzyme activity was unaffected by shade and betaine. The results of this study indicate that betaine supplementation may be a successful carcass modifier in growing feedlot steers during summer. Provision of shade during summer may reduce the rate of pH decline in the first 2 h after slaughter and reduce the risk of high rigor temperature.

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Water Consumption of Hereford and Brahman Cattle and the Effect of Cooled Drinking Water in a Hot Climate1

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture

Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture

Impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries heifers

Dietary betaine supplementation has energy-sparing effects in feedlot cattle during summer, particularly in those without access to shade

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